Utilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill - 1365 Words

In John Stuart Mill’s book Utilitarianism, he argues for the defense of utilitarianism, an age old theory originally developed by Jeremy Bentham that states the proper course of action is the one that maximizes happiness. The course of action that maximizes general happiness is also the only true standard for moral assessment. Mill also introduces the idea of ‘first principle’ which states that it is not acceptable for individuals to characterize actions as either ‘good’ or ‘bad’, because it is important to find what gives these words their resonance. Opposing Mill’s view of utilitarianism is Bernard Williams. Williams states that a theory that is dependent upon the consequences of individuals actions rather than how a person who constructs those actions feels poses a serous problem. Williams’ argument deplores utilitarianism by exposing simple flaws that utilitarians may have. His thesis argument is that providing a recipe for moral decision; making process that may ultimately lead to the maximum possible utility actually misinterprets the accurate complications and excludes many other factors and consequences such as lack of accountability for one’s integrity. (Online) According to Mill, utilitarianism is a doctrine that states an action is right insofar as it promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct. Happiness according to Mill is â€Å"pleasure and the absence of pain† (55) He states that ones canShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism880 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes hard to define, but with John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism it is a little bit easier. Utilitarianism is an easy one, for the reason that it is defined by the greatest happiness for everyone involved. Sometimes it does not always make everyone content, but if you look at it as a whole it makes sense. Mill says that we have to look at the bigger picture. One person’s happiness affects another’s and so on. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that John Stuart Mill, the philosopher, formulated toRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1372 Words   |  6 PagesAct Utilitarianism is a long standing and well supported philosophical argument that when boiled down to its most basic elements, can be described as creating â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number† (122). Such was the sentiment of John Stuart Mill, one of act utilitarianism’s (also known as just utilitarianism) greatest pioneers, and promoters. Mills believed that his theory of always acting in a way that achieved the greatest net happiness was both superior to other philosophical theories andRead MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill1805 Words   |  8 PagesIn his book Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill presents his exposition and his major defenses of the philosophy of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism, a theory in ethics developed by the philosopher Jeremy Bentham, focuses on a concept of utility that focuses on deciding if actions are morally right or wrong by analyzing the pleasure and pain they cause. In other words, if an action causes primarily pleasure for all parties, then it must be good and right; however, if it causes pain for the parties involvedRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1599 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is a doctrine in normative ethics that is outlined and defended by many philosophers, including the English philosopher John Stuart Mill as a standard to determine what are right and wrong actions. At its most basic claim, the right course of action one must take should be in the interest of maximizing what is known as utility. The right course of action is determined as being right if it maximizes the total benefit and happiness gained, while at the same time reducing the greatestRead MoreThe Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill984 Words   |  4 PagesDecriminalize Drug use Utilitarianism as an example of consequentialism is a moral theory generally considered to have started in the late eighteenth century. In the book Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill he defined the ethical theory stating that â€Å"†¦actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness†(7). The idea behind the theory is that people seek happiness, and that the ultimate goal of all human beings is to be happy.Read MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill854 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Stuart Mill, among other things, was an English philosopher and economist who lived from 1806 to 1873. Mill grew up being immersed in the principles of utilitarianism. Mill’s essay on utilitarianism, titled Utilitarianism, was written to debunk misconceptions of and to provide support for the ideology. Mill’s essay and argument span five chapters, where his discussions range from definitions, misconceptions, re wards, methods, and validity. Utilitarianism is generally held to be the view thatRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism983 Words   |  4 PagesIn Utilitarianism actions are judged right and wrong solely on their consequence, and in order to assess this consequences, the only thing that matters is the amount of happiness and unhappiness caused and by calculating happiness and unhappiness caused, nobody’s happiness counts any more than anybody else’s. Utilitarian ethics is the most common form of ethics used today, it has thrived because two needs have been met by it. Firstly, end-based thinking is common and people have sought to improveRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism1202 Words   |  5 Pages I contend that the philosophy of John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism can be used to show that society should will that genetic enhancement be morally acceptable if the adverse cognitive or emotional effects are outweighed by the benefits. Glannon argues tha t gene enhancement is morally objectionable because â€Å"there would be the unacceptable social cost of some people suffering from adverse cognitive or emotional effects of the enhancement.† Under Utilitarianism, society would likely deem that geneticRead MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill930 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Paper 2 In the essay â€Å"Utilitarianism† by John Stuart Mill, he explains his support for utilitarianism and argues any misconceptions of it. In his essay he talks about the difference between higher and lower pleasures and what significance they have in his utilitarian moral theory. His theory is based on the rule that â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† Many people experience different kinds of pleasureRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill2436 Words   |  10 PagesUtilitarianism is an ethical speculation that communicates that the best movement is the one that expands utility. Utility is portrayed in various courses, frequently to the extent the success of mindful substances, for instance, people and diverse animals. Jeremy Bentham, the coordinator of utilitarianism, delineated utility as the entire of all bliss that results from a movement, short the burden of anyone req uired in the action. Utilitarianism is a variation of consequentialism, which communicates

Cultural Traditions And Beliefs Into Their Classrooms

The three people I interviewed are all first year teachers, in their early 20’s, white, and teach in a B-6 setting. As I interviewed each individual, I started to feel like they had similar perspectives. Looking over their answers now, I wonder if it’s because they all went to the same college, are close in age, and are first year teachers. I’m curious how someone in their 30’s or 40’s would respond to these questions. Some common themes I found while interviewing these individuals is that all go back and forth between promoting diversity and unity. I think it narrows down to what the situation is. All individuals support and incorporate various cultural traditions and beliefs into their classrooms. I found it interesting that one of the†¦show more content†¦This individual explained how they absolutely stress cultural differences and common aspects of their students in the hopes of building a tolerance and an awareness of all cultures and backgrounds. Two out of three of the individuals said their classroom was connected with the development of a democracy. They explained that they allow for choice in their classrooms. One of the teachers also explained that although she allows for a lot of choice in her classroom, there is still a clear balance of power, where the student respect her and she does the same. The individual who doesn t believe their classroom is connected to a development of democracy because of the Common Core Standards. They explained that everyone does and learns the same thing. I thought this was interesting because I feel like as a new teacher, you know how to worth with the common core not against it. Since the standards in place now are all newer teachers know I feel like many new teachers how work around the standards, and allow for learning to be fun and different in each classroom. Therefore having a developing democracy in as classroom isn’t unreachable. white, age 22, female, third grade teacher, first year teacher 1. What is the teacher’s professional role in developing a multicultural society? (OR should the teacher play a professional role in developing a multicultural society?) Explain briefly. â€Å"The teachers role should be helping to expose various

Exploiting Regulatory Changes In Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Exploiting Regulatory Changes In Management? Answer: Introducation Administration Accounting gives all help to the administration in the greater part of its capacities. By giving the accounting data in the required shape and at the required time, it empowers administration to play out its capacities viably. It makes accessible the important data subsequent to adjusting the same in reasonably for successful planning and basic leadership. It replaces instinctive basic leadership framework with logical basic leadership ones (Christ and Burritt 2013). It gives such instruments as financial control and standard costing, and so forth. which extraordinarily encourages administration to practice its control work successfully. The standard of execution empowers administration to settle obligations and know the feeble spots in the undertaking without much trouble. Coordination among departmental managers is basic to maintain a strategic distance from irreconcilable circumstances between them in order to accomplish the organization's general target as arranged. Successful coordination could be accomplished through departmental spending plans and reports, which frame a fundamental piece of management accounting. Getting sorted out is another critical capacity of administration (Fullerton, Kennedy and Widener 2014). A sound association involves designation of specialist and settling of obligations without much trouble. This can be accomplished by building up cost focuses, and benefit focuses. Management accounting helps in building up such concern as this helps in setting up a sound arrangement of inward control and internal review. Correspondence is yet another capacity of administration, which includes transmission of information, data, comes about and so on to both lower level and top level management (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). While the choices of the top administration to be conveyed to the centre and lower level administrations, the outcomes and necessities of the lower level ought to be accounted for to the top-level administration. Advantages types of planning tool employed for budgetary control are explained below: This facilitates in explaining goals, plans and policies of a company. In case, fixed goals goes missing, certain efforts might fail in attaining certain common goals. It facilitates in maintaining suitable coordination within certain departments. Budgetary controls facilitates in maintaining targets within which all the departments is motivated to work in a better manner in attaining the target. For this reason, it is efficient in order to manage control activities of certain distinct departments within a business unit. Budgetary control decreases the production cot through decreasing certain expenditure. By means of promoting cost consciousness regarding budgetary control and staff within efficacy and economy It facilitates management concerning the action area for dealing with issues devoid of any delay. Use of certain planning tools and application for developing and forecasting budgets: Key arranging depends on various instruments and procedures for describing and disentangling information to see at decisions. The utilization of arranging apparatuses and their application for gauging and creating spending plans are shown quickly as takes after: Techniques to settle issues: Each organizing bunch needs logical fastidiousness and imagination for characterisation of issues and taking a gander at the choices. In this way, a couple of sorting out procedures progress both fastidiousness and innovativeness. Techniques to assess amongst sectoral and spatial affiliations: The procedures getting to be plainly prepared for the given association requires to delineate crosscutting significant and spatial affiliations. These techniques depend on maps and orchestrating district in the neighbourhood money related geography. Techniques for natural, social and fiscal analysis: The organizing bunch is required to conceive biological, social and money related effect of the proposed exercises and procedures. A couple of frameworks are available for the same. Strategies to discuss future occasions: Arranging is tied in with finding out the future and picking the method for being set up for the same. The masterminding bunch should practice and pick up from destinies examination strategies. Subsequently, the game plan of instruments does not require being quantitative for being helpful. There is need of quantitative models; nevertheless, they are by all account not the only viable methodology for propelling the approach of systems to examine an issue and its possible game plans. Evaluating manner in which organisations implements management accounting systems to focus on financial problems: The modern era companies deals with questions regarding ways for adapting certain strategies, models and business practices in order to react to social and environmental concerns along with preparing financial value and shareholders value. The report recommends several ways by which the management accountants might facilitate companies in attaining business success: Recognizing environmental and social trends might impact the capability of a company in attaining value with time Connecting issues related with business issues to strategies associated with the company, business model, performance outlook along with operating licences Elaborating the sustainability issues impact in efficient business terms that encompass the ways it can impact any business Preparing knowledge performance indicators in order to support strategic and sustainable goals Implementing techniques and tools for management accounting such as scenario planning of natural resources availability, carbon foot printing and lifecycle costing in order to enable to focus matters of sustainability within decision-making process Developing a strategy of reporting for managing issues regarding sustainable issues for making sure certain financial and non-financial information is being disclosed. Global Integrated Reporting Framework prepared on the aspect of Global Integrated Reporting Council as a great example. In dealing with financial problems, management accounting might result organisations to attain sustainable success: Organizations gain advantage through maintaining and accounting procedures to an expert, in the accompanying ways: Accounting Function Enables Strategic Redeployment of Staff: In many organizations, accounting staff need to work with labour requirements and it turns into a weight on them. A couple of individuals cannot deal with the tremendous amount of information that accounting involves. An expert back and accounting outsourcing organization will have an expansive group for their accounting forms (Soltani, Nayebzadeh and Moeinaddin 2014). Such an association will allot its prepared experts to chip away at this information, which turns out being a better circumstance for everybody. For this reason, the accountants within customer organization graduate within a supervisory part that essentially involves managing the specialist co-op and ensuring that the errands are finished precisely. Moreover, outsourcing enables organizations to devoid their own staff from a place accounting operations along with redeploy them for work, which attains more business or improves consumer base. Guarantees Daily Monitoring of Accounting Rules and Implementation: Analysing steady changes within accounting rules is distinct in certain companies. Moreover, for a business this has committed itself within outsourcing of financial process. Such an outsourcing organization can consider monitoring progressions and actualize them as and when required, that can make sure customer organization is dependably within consideration of financial market controllers. Outsourcing organizations consider taking gaps after GAAP and IFRS rules and several accounting guidelines (Suomala, Lyly-Yrjninen and Lukka 2014). Organizations get the Best Accounting Heads at work: There are times when the area of a specific organization does not permit them access to the best accountants. In the event that the specialist organization is maintained in a city or a nation which generates a portion of financial personalities, at some point that capability pool can be tapped adequately (Wagenhofer 2016). The customer organization through this plan of action can have exceptionally qualified accountants taking care of their books. Nature of accounting and accounting is then guaranteed to be sans mistake. Organizations can benefit from Advanced Technological Knowhow: As in each other field, innovation is having an effect in the accounting circle too. Obviously, many organizations are not totally mindful of the considerable number of uses which are accessible in the market and which ones are reasonable for their business. Some of them are additionally excessively costly, making it impossible to purchase (Suomala, Lyly-Yrjninen and Lukka 2014). Nevertheless, outside specialist co-ops will put resources into this innovation, knowing the ones are ideal for such type of business. They likewise consider that it is advantageous to attain an entire new applications line since they are overhauling certain customers with requirements. Outsourcing Services Safeguards Companies in Difficult Economic Situations: In the cutting edge world, associations are always rolling out improvements in their workforce as per changes in the financial circumstances. In any case, this can be a testing and asset serious process (Wagenhofer 2016). In correlation, outsourcing capacities and procedures, for example, fund and accounting decreases the pressure on organizations. Since the obligation of dealing with the ability doled out to a venture lies with the outsourcing organization, the customer organization does not need to take any choices in regards to its inner workforce or pay colossal pay in maintenance pay. Organizations Benefit from Flexibility and Scalability: By choosing an expert fund and accounting outsourcing organization as its accomplice, a customer organization can profit by an answer that is redone for its necessity (Suomala, Lyly-Yrjninen and Lukka 2014). An organization can scale up or down certain financial and accounting forms as per needs of the consumers. This serves as an extraordinary advantage to organizations. Stringent Attention to Security and Confidentiality Ensures Business Confidence: An accomplished outsourcing organization will take after strict guidelines as for keeping up privacy of customer data and information insurance. Organizations can rest guaranteed that their fund and record information would be dealt with and put away safely (Suomala, Lyly-Yrjninen and Lukka 2014). Operations: Sustaining financial and accounting capacities within a company with 247 operations indicates a period zone advantages. The business can be certain that their back and accounting errands would be finished inside any planned due dates. Stock Evaluation The management accountants are employed in evaluating stocks and preparing monthly findings that is a part of management accounting cost and system. This is to the reason that management accountants role is superior on attaining development rather than future forecasting. It can be gathered that the management accounting has a great role in present companies. Top accountants in the companies serve as controllers. All functions associated with accounting report to this person that encompass cost accountants, tax accountants, internal auditors and systems support individuals. With the origination of management, accounting is within such positioned, all the decision-making in company requires understanding manner of developing, and employing efficient information based on management accountings. Reference List Armitage, H.M., Webb, A. and Glynn, J., 2016. The Use of Management Accounting Techniques by Small and Medium?Sized Enterprises: A Field Study of Canadian and Australian Practice.Accounting Perspectives,15(1), pp.31-69. Chenhall, R.H. and Moers, F., 2015. The role of innovation in the evolution of management accounting and its integration into management control. Accounting, Organizations and Society,47, pp.1-13. Christ, K.L. and Burritt, R.L., 2013. Environmental management accounting: the significance of contingent variables for adoption.Journal of Cleaner Production,41, pp.163-173. Fullerton, R.R., Kennedy, F.A. and Widener, S.K., 2014. Lean manufacturing and firm performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting practices.Journal of Operations Management,32(7), pp.414-428. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Messner, M., 2016. Does industry matter? How industry context shapes management accounting practice.Management Accounting Research,31, pp.103-111. Otley, D., 2016. The contingency theory of management accounting and control: 19802014.Management accounting research,31, pp.45-62. Quattrone, P., 2016. financial accounting goes digital: Will the move make it wiser?.Management Accounting Research,31, pp.118-122. Soin, K. and Collier, P., 2013. Risk and risk management in management accounting and control. Soltani, S., Nayebzadeh, S. and Moeinaddin, M., 2014. The Impact Examination of the Techniques of Management Accounting on the Performance of Tile Companies of Yazd.International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences,4(1), pp.382-389. Suomala, P., Lyly-Yrjninen, J. and Lukka, K., 2014. Battlefield around interventions: A reflective analysis of conducting interventionist research in management accounting.Management Accounting Research,25(4), pp.304-314. Wagenhofer, A., 2016. Exploiting regulatory changes for research in management accounting.Management Accounting Research,31, pp.112-117.

Betrayal of Deep Friendships and the Consequences free essay sample

â€Å"Love is whatever you can still betray. Betrayal can only happen if you love† (John Le Carre). Betrayal is a huge part of Gene and Amirs’ lives in A Separate Peace and in The Kite Runner. They are both pushed to do things they normally wouldn’t do because of the feelings of guilt from betraying their best friends. They betray the people closest to them, the only people who truly care for them. The circumstances and outcomes of both books are shockingly similar and lead both to betrayal of best friends which leads to earth shattering remorse and guilt, then redemption. Both books offer a glimpse at betrayal, the pains of war and the impact of guilt. In the two books, there are many examples of betrayal leading to horrendous things, and situations where one choice snowballs into a thunderous conclusion. In A Separate Peace, Gene betrays Finny, again and again. It starts with one big betrayal which then led to many others. Gene tried to kill Finny, he â€Å" took a step towards [Finny] and then [his] knees bent and [he] jounced the limb† (60). With that one simple movement, that one choice, Gene almost ended Finny’s life. He betrayed Finny’s trust and friendship, and because of that one betrayal, Gene ended up betraying Finny’s trust time and time again to try and cover his first betrayal. He started to tell Finny the truth about his attempted murder when he stopped. He decided he â€Å" would have to back out of it, [he] would have to disown it† (70). Gene decided that Finny didn’t want to hear the truth and couldn’t bear the truth, so he never told Finny. He again, betrayed Finny’s trust. When Finny later found out the truth, he was so shocked and distraught that he ran out of the room and fell down the stairs, breaking his leg and eventually dying. Gene’s choice to betray Finny led to many more betrayals and eventually Finny’s untimely death. In The Kite Runner, there is a similar type of betrayal, a betrayal between best friends. Amir betrays Hassan by not protecting him when he was being raped. Hassan had protected Amir countless times before, but when he is getting raped, Hassan, â€Å"didn’t struggle. Didn’t even whimper. He moved his head slightly and [Amir] caught a glimpse of his face† (76). Amir stood by and watched while his best friend and half brother was raped. He didn’t do anything to stop it. Then later, Amir is so guilty he makes up lies about Hassan stealing to try and kick them out, and at that point, Hassan and his dad leave the house out of shame. Even in this last moment of betrayal, Hassan still protects Amir. During the final confrontation between Amir, Baba, Hassan and Ali, Hassan could have told the truth, he could have said he didn’t steal and Amir had framed him. However, Hassan didn’t. At this time Amir’s â€Å"heart sank and [he] almost blurted out the truth. Then [he] understood: This was Hassan’s final sacrifice for [him]† (105). Amir had betrayed Hassan a second time and then a third by not telling the truth to save Hassan and give him and Ali the protection of the house. His betrayal also eventually led to Hassan’s death. Had Amir chosen to intervene in Hassan’s rape, he wouldn’t have felt guilty enough to lie about Hassan stealing which led to Hassan leaving the house and having to live in Pakistan in a war zone where he was persecuted and killed. In both books, an initial betrayal led to a death of a best friend. Death of a best friend, especially when it is your fault, is one of the most severe consequences that could ever be experienced. Gene and Amir betrayed their closest, most loyal friends, and faced the worst possible consequences. Both A Separate Peace and The Kite Runner take place during a war time which brings many things, and among them, pain and distress are the most prominent. In A Separate Peace, all the students face an exponential amount of stress as the thought of war and the question of whether to enlist or wait to be drafted was thrown about. Some had trouble focusing on their studies, while to Gene â€Å"Sports don’t seem so important with the war on† (114). The kids at Devon couldn’t focus on the things they normally would be doing. Everyone was asking and wondering who would enlist? Some students like Brinker and Quackenbush claimed they would enlist and bragged about all the things they would accomplish. Surprisingly, Leper actually said he was â€Å"‘ going to enlist in these ski troops,’† (125). and followed through with his actions. However, the consequence of Leper’s choice to join the military led to a bad conclusion. Leper was given a Section Eight discharge, a discharge reserved â€Å"‘ for the nuts in the service, the psychos, the Funny Farm candidates’† (144). Leper was a casualty of war, and he wasn’t the only one. According to Brinker, â€Å"‘[Finny is] the casualty’† (167). The Kite Runner is also an excellent example of the pain of war. Bad people rise to power in Pakistan. Amir’s childhood bully and Hassan’s rapist became a high ranking Taliban official and a widely feared figure, who later took children from the orphanage as sex slaves. Hassan’s own son was a casualty of this after the Taliban â€Å"‘-shot [Hassan] in the back of his head. ’† (219). Sohrab was made an orphan due to war and the persecution of the Hazaras. Sohrab’s whole family was hurt by the war, along with the common majority living in Pakistan. As both stories show, the pain of war affects individuals as well as whole communities or countries. It is a deadly and painful component of life and impacts a multitude of people. There is an immense amount of guilt thrown about in A Separate Peace and The Kite Runner as both Gene and Amir severely betray their friends, and that guilt doesn’t leave, it festers throughout the whole book. In A Separate Peace, Gene â€Å"never talked about Phineas † (202) because it hurt too much. Gene betrays Finny, then later, can’t even think of him, he can’t bear to remember him. Gene is so guilty about making Finny fall out of the tree and then lying to him which eventually, in a round about way, led to his imminent death, that talking about Finny was too much, he just couldn’t bear it. However, something good did come out of Gene’s guilt. When Finny dies, Gene’s, â€Å" fury was gone† (203). Finny’s death after Gene’s betrayal helped make Gene a better person. â€Å"Phineas had absorbed it and taken it with him, and I was rid of it forever† (203). Without that anger, that fury, Gene was a more open minded person. He was free of his own wrath. Gene was able to focus on the big picture and not just the little things like who is going to jump out of the tree? or who will be valedictorian? or will Finny find out what I did? The original betrayal then the lingering impact of guilt had a good and a bad side to it. The Kite Runner has similar outcomes due to Amir’s everlasting guilt. Amir went back to Pakistan to save Hassan’s son. Not only did he save Sohrab from child slavery but he invited him to â€Å"‘come live in America with [him] and [his] wife? ’† (322) Had it not been for Amir’s guilt at betraying Hassan in the first place, Amir wouldn’t have gone back, wouldn’t have gone into Pakistan and save the poor boy. Amir became a better person due to the consequences of his guilt. When Assed is beating him, Amir thought â€Å"My body was broken just how badly I wouldn’t find out until later but I felt healed (289). Amir betrays his best friend and as he later finds out, his half brother, then when he is getting beat trying to redeem himself, he actually feels healed. He gets his redemption, and like Gene, becomes a better person, and learns a lesson from his guilt. In both books, there is a large betrayal followed by guilt everlasting and some form of redemption shaping the guilty into a better person. Across both novels, the overarching idea that keeps showing up is if you betray your friends, even during hard times, then it will come back to haunt you but can lead to redemption. Gene and Amir both did awful things to the people that cared about them and committed atrocious betrayals. However, they then faced an insurmountable amount of guilt which eventually led to redemption. The guilt shaped them into better people. Betrayal, while it is an awful thing, doesn’t always have entirely negative outcomes.

Animal Farm Essay Complete

Animal Farm Essay Complete Animal Farm Essay Complete ‘A knowledge of the Russian Revolution is needed to truly understand Animal Farm.’ To what extent do you agree? George Orwell’s Animal Farm – published in 1945 – is a satirical allegory on the Russian Revolution. Orwell explained in his preface that the novel was his method of, â€Å"exposing the Soviet myth,† which generated a great amount of controversy at the time. He states this piece was intended to clear all misconceptions of the Soviet ideals of ‘everyone being equal’ and exploited all its flaws. The characters play major roles in retelling the Russian Revolution, with the plot’s events strongly resembling the historical timeline. Animal Farm can also be read as a fable, with only the less obscure morals within being conceived. For such reasons, the novel can be read without background knowledge; however a brief understanding of the Russian Revolution is necessary to unveil the deeper allegorical elements Orwell is portraying to the readers. Orwell utilises his characters to recreate the Russian Revolution and imitate the prominent figures and classes of society involved. In the opening, Old Major is introduced as the leader of the farm animals, to symbolise the likes of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, who were both significant in establishing the foundations of communism. Old Major organises a gathering for the animals to share knowledge of a dream in which he comes to the realisation that â€Å"Man is the only creature that consumes without producing†¦ yet he is lord of all the animals† and they must rebalance the inequalities placed upon them through â€Å"work night and day†¦ for the overthrow of the human race†. This speech was heavily based upon Marx’s The Communist Manifesto and Old Major was used to captured the same essence of it, essentially exposing the flaws of capitalism and a rebellion must occur of a â€Å"dictatorship of the proletariat† to counter this. A hierarchy is created in the animals to symbolise the different ‘classes’ of the time. The animals are categorised in order of significance through a hierarchy as they congregate at Old Major’s meeting. The more influential animals are introduced with more complexity, as â€Å"first came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pig† and the level of detail gradually decreases through the progression of the characters until it is merely â€Å"last of all came the cat† which does not bother to specify detail, thus drawing more attention toward the aforementioned animal’s influential presence over their peers. The pigs use the dogs to reinforce their reign over the other animals and abuse their power, similar to Stalin’s control of the KGB to do his bidding. Napoleon takes on the responsibility to â€Å"wean† the dogs and â€Å"make himself responsible for their education,† which ultimately leads to their transformatio n into â€Å"huge dogs†¦ as fierce-looking as wolves†; mindless murderers on Napoleons command, and a representation of Stalin’s abuse of power over the KGB to assassinate and execute anybody who opposed his leadership. Each individual character is a representation in itself to convey messages of their purpose in the society and acts as a summary of the complex, more expansive back story of the Russian Revolution. Many of the plot elements follow the events of the Russian Revolution to explore the manipulation that occurred. After Snowball is accused of betrayal, Napoleon then places him in exile, akin to the happenings of the Russian Revolution. Napoleon appears to be against Snowball’s ideas of â€Å"the pigs†¦ should decide all questions of farm policy,† as long as it were â€Å"ratified by a majority vote,† and sends â€Å"nine enormous dogs†¦ into the barn† to attack Snowball who â€Å"sprang†¦ just in time to escape.† This mirrors Trotsky’s exile as he began to criticise Stalin’s Communist Party, in this case depicted through his straying away and leaning toward democracy, which lead to his removal from the Communist party and exile from Russia. The Battle of the Cowshed represents

Best Practices for E Learning Essay

Best Practices for E Learning Essay Best Practices for E Learning Essay TM Best Practices for Creating myBrainshark Presentations Creating great content in myBrainshark is easy. Apply the best practices we suggest here, and you’ll be well on your way to creating a message that engages your audience and gets the results you are looking for. This document will help you take your ideas and mold them into great content. Analyze Your Audience Audience analysis is a critical step in the presentation development process and needs to happen before you begin creating any content. You need to know who your audience is and what THEY want to see and hear, so you can deliver a message that they will watch and will drive them toward your objective. Think about the audience as a whole to determine what information you need to uncover to effectively analyze them. ï‚ · What is the age range of the group? Are there any cultural issues you should be concerned with? ï‚ · Will the audience be receptive to your message? What makes them happy or gets them excited about a product or service? ï‚ · What kind of information do they want? How do they want to receive the information? Then consider any concerns your audience might have. Understanding audience concerns puts you ahead because you can address them before they have a chance to stick in the minds of the viewer. ï‚ · How about previous experience with your product or message? Have they received any previous data from myBrainshark or similar type of media? What was the reaction? ï‚ · Is your product or service cost very high? Be sure your message addresses why and why the benefit justifies the cost. ï‚ · Are you looking for buy-in for something? Do you want your viewers to take action or react to your message? What will it take to get the viewers to do what you want them to do? ï‚ · What barriers exist? What preconceptions, perceptions, or misconceptions exist? Finding this information out may be easy, or it may be challenging. Depending on who your audience is, you may be able to get information from: ï‚ · Previous clients ï‚ · Members of a focus group ï‚ · Other colleagues or individuals in your industry ï‚ · A survey conducted of your audience members ï‚ · Information already available on the internet  ©5/2012 Brainshark, Inc. Page Depending on how the audience wants to receive the information, you may determine that it’s more than just PowerPoint you need to use to build your myBrainshark presentation. You can tailor your communication to meet their wants and needs so you ensure you get the most people to watch and act on your message! 1 For each anticipated audience concern, you need to formulate a response; then use this to build the outline for your presentation. As you build your outline, keep all of the information you have discovered about your audience top of your mind so you are sure that the overall presentation, colors, and format will be appealing to the viewer. TM Pinpoint Your Objective Determine the objective for your presentation by looking at your ultimate goal. Is your goal to sell a product? Increase the amount of new customers you have? Reduce the amount of toxins in the environment? After you have set your objective, go back to the audience analysis work you already completed. And ask yourself: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Does this objective fit in with the needs of the audience? Does this objective align with the objectives of the company or organization? Does my communication hit the mark? Craft Your Presentation Outline Creating a presentation outline helps you stay focused and on target with your presentation. Since you have already formulated an objective and analyzed the target audience, use that information to write an agenda of what you plan to cover in your communication. These are the basics of any agenda which you can tailor to meet your own objective, from sales to training to communication. Introduction and attention grabber You need to get the attention of the viewer and make that person want to take the time

Presentation Globalisation Outline & speech notes Essay

Presentation Globalisation Outline & speech notes - Essay Example a considerable achievement in avoiding economic crises and achieving its current situation of macroeconomic stability, the country’s economic performance in the last 40 years was below its potential. Globalization has played a big part in reforming the economy of Qatar (Basu, 2008). This paper delves some of the impacts of globalization, with a close focus on the economy, education, and foods and diet to Qatar. Moreover, the paper also looks at these impacts at personal level. 2) Globalization has also enabled Qatar to export its products and resources natural gasses and oil to other countries all over the world. Regional agreements that govern the movement of people and commodities have created opportunities both at national and international levels. 1) People originating from different countries can now look for jobs in different countries. Personally, globalization will enable me to look for a job in any part of the world after I complete my studies. Moreover, my parents who are businesspersons can sell their products as well as buy products from various parts of the world. 2) On the other hand, I must be very competent for me to be employed since I will be competing with other people from various countries. Moreover, the products produced by our family business will have to face the stiff completion from good from the rest of the world. 2) Globalization has led to Introduction of new languages in the learning institutions. This expands the opportunities for the learners since they can look for jobs in other countries that use the newly introduced languages (Basu, 2008). 1) Globalization has led to increased per capita income, higher living standards, and high educational quality in Qatar. These aspects are associated with economies that have high literacy levels among its citizen. Personally, I have been able to study in the United Kingdom where the education system is of a higher quality when compared to that of my home country. Studying from abroad

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Earl of Louisiana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Earl of Louisiana - Essay Example In the fight for justice and the Civil Rights movement, Earl Long’s activism and support for Blacks is synonymous with the struggles of the NAACP and other Black right activists. Earl Long was gifted with political insight. He is remembered for the steps he took in ensuring the voting process becomes more smooth and accessible to the African-Americans. The legislature opposed political franchise for the Negros, but Long called on to the African-American community to unite in the name of common cause. He urged them to show full participation in the elections despite the resistance they were facing from the higher authorities. There were about 150,000 Negros registered as voters in contrast to 850,000 whites. Negros compromised about 24 percent of the state and the discrepancy between this and their 15 percent state-wide registration is reflective of the obstacles that they faced in getting themselves registered (Liebling, 205). Backed with the supporters of Hey Long, Earl Long saw the potential in having the Blacks on his side. Making this as major a part of his political campaign, Long stood up for the rights of the blacks and secured a vast majority of vote s from the black community. Earl Long was a staunch believer of equal rights for everyone, and was not racially prejudiced and biased in advancing the rights of the Whites only. Besides the reformative measures Long took to provide Negros with voting rights, Negros gained significantly from his measures in education to increase the literacy level of the Blacks in the state. He held true to the belief that illiteracy was a major impediment to the progress of a state. He was of the viewpoint that there should be no discrepancy in the provision of education and other benefits between the whites and the blacks. During his tenure, he saw to the construction of over a hundred public schools, fourteen trade schools and an increase in the ratio of employment of black school teachers. This

Education in Egypt

Education in Egypt Egypt Education System The extension of the free mandatory education law in 1981 was one of the reasons to combine the Preparatory Stage, both Primary and Preparatory phases (Ages 6 through 14) together under the label Basic Education, as education beyond this stage depends on the students ability. Egypt operates two corresponding education systems: the secular system and the religious, or Al-Azhar system. The secular system consists of basic education which covers the first 8 eight years of schooling. The second level divides students between three-year general academic secondary schools and three or five-year vocational schools, as there are three different types of secondary education which are general, technical, and vocational Technical education. These types of education are provided in three-year and five-year programs, and include schools in three different fields: industrial, commercial and agricultural. The third level is universities. The Al-Azhar system, which maintains separate facilities for male and female from primary to university level, enrolls 4 percent of the country’s total students, and is responsible for conveying the mission of Islam and revealing its contribution to humanity’s welfare and progress. In this system, primary school extends over the first 6 years, and preparatory school for the next three years. Students who successfully complete 4 years of secondary school can enroll at Al-Azhar University.2 Al-Azhar University, which is considered to be the bastion of Islamic knowledge in Egypt, was founded in AD 970. There are two kinds of government schools in Egypt which are Arabic Schools and Experimental Language Schools. Arabic Schools provide the governmental national curriculum in the Arabic Language; however, experimental Language Schools teach most of the government curriculum in English, and add French as a second foreign language. Moreover, there are three kinds of private schools. As Government schools, private schools also has different types such as ordinary schools, language schools, and religious schools. First, Ordinary schools have the same way of education of the government schools with more concentration on the students want and services provided to them. Second, language schools have the same educational materials as the government with the exception that all those materials are taught in different languages; this is beside the high fees those schools requires. The third type of private education is religious that are established or controlled by Muslim Brotherhood. Their educational curriculum is totally unlike the government and Azhar schools. Private schools on Egypt are considered the best education because of high and various facilities offered by those schools. This educational system is supervises by the ministry of education However, the Azhar education system is supervised by the Supreme Council of the Al-Azhar Institution and considered to be independent from the Ministry of Education, but is eventually under supervision by the Egyptian Prime Minister. The Azhar schools are named Institutes and also share the same phases as the normal educational system which both include primary, preparatory, and secondary education. The Azhar schools in all phases teach non-religious subjects, to a certain degree; however, the majority of the curriculum consists of religious subjects. All the students are Muslims, and males and females are separated in all phases. The Azhar schools are spread all over the country, but excessively in rural areas. The graduates of the Azhar secondary schools are eligible to continue their studies only at the Al-Azhar University. In the early 2000s, the Azhar schools accounted for less than 4% of the total enrollment. There are both private and public universities of higher education in Egypt. The difference between them is that Public higher education is free in Egypt, and Egyptian students only pay registration fees, but Private education is much more expensive and is considered to b for the elite, as graduates of such schools generally do very well on their final secondary school examinations, which ensures them access to what are considered as elite faculties. Currently 98 percent of graduates from secondary schools enter higher education. The higher education sector in Egypt is comprised of universities and institutions of technical and professional training. The system is made up of 12 public universities, 51public non-university institutions, and 4 private (for profit) universities. In May 2000, there were 18 pending applications to open additional private for profit higher education institutions. Of the 51 non-university institutions, 47 are two-year middle technical institutes (MTI), and 4 are four or five-year higher technical institutes (World Bank, 2000:1). The major public universities are Cairo University (100,000 students), Alexandria University, Ain Shams University, and the 1,000-year-old Al-Azhar University. While the American University in Cairo, the German University in Cairo and the Università © Franà §aise dÉgypte is of the leading private universities in Egypt. Entry into the secular university system is based on the results of the Secondary Educational phase. According to the article â€Å"Egypt,† â€Å"only students attending general academic secondary schools were eligible to matriculate; however since 1970 universities have been enrolling some students from vocational schools. The Placement Bureau of the Ministry of Higher Education controls admission, and there is a numerous clauses imposed by the Supreme Council of Universities (SCU) on admission at institutional and state levels†. Al-Azhar University system, unlike other systems, requires certain certificates like a Secondary School Certificate from the Al-Azhar education system and a Certificate of Koran Recitation from a Koran Recitation Institute or hold an Al-Azhar diploma. Non-university education is offered by industrial, commercial, and technical institutes which provide 2-year courses leading to diplomas in accountancy, secretarial work, insurance, computer or health sciences and electronics. Technical education schools provide 5-year courses leading to advanced technical education diplomas in commercial, industrial, and agricultural fields. Although the American University in Cairo (AUC) has existed since 1919 as a private university, Egypt only legalized Egyptian private universities in 1992 when the People’s Assembly passed a Law # 101 allowing the establishment of private universities. The most essential consideration is that the Minister for Education must approve the appointment of private university, as presidents, and non-Egyptians cannot occupy leading positions in private universities without the ministry’s approval. The second vital aspect is that the Supreme Council of Universities indirectly supervises private universities and is responsible for monitoring standards to ensure that graduation certificates from state and private universities represent an equal education level compared with the governmental certificates. â€Å"In May 2002, the private universities’ committee was replaced with the private universities’ council. The council has the same powers as the Supreme Council of Universities, which regulates public universities.† Many People assume that private higher education institutions in Egypt are s institutions that â€Å"sell† degrees to those who can afford the university expanses. Critics of private higher education in Egypt also argue that private higher education is at odds with the principles of the 1952 Revolution, which called for equal access to educational opportunities for all citizens. Egypt is considered the country that has the largest higher education systems in the third world as it contains about 1.670 million students. Egypt relies in its education on two-year technical institutes to continue providing access to all secondary school graduates while protecting the already overfed universities. Technical institutes enroll 40 percent of all secondary school graduates. This lack of financial, human, and material resources results in poor quality education in most universities and is considered by many people as non academic institution. The number of higher education students per 100,000 inhabitants is 1,900 in Egypt compared to 1,132 in Morocco; 1,236 in Algeria; and 1,253 in Tunisia. Studies on the social class and educational backgrounds of state university students have revealed inequalities of access to what are considered as high status/elite faculties. To improve the educational system in Egypt governance and control of higher education should be obtained by the Ministry of Higher Education, the Supreme Council of Universities (SCU), and the Central Administration of Al-Azhar Institutes. The Ministry of Higher Education has a legal authority over higher education by supervising and controlling the education, planning, policy making, and quality control on primary and preparatory schools and training for basic education for teachers. The Supreme Council of Universities formulates is the one responsible for policy making and deciding or controlling the number of students to be admitted to each faculty in each university. Moreover, supervision and administration of the Al-Azhar higher education system is the responsibility of the Central Administration of Al-Azhar Institutes, which is a department of the Supreme Council of Al-Azhar that is responsible for the development of the general policy and planning to enable the spread of Islamic culture and Arabic language. In official discourse, education in Egypt is â€Å"free† from basic to higher education. While officially the state is responsible for financing higher education in Egypt, the state’s share of higher education finance for universities was reduced to 85 percent in 1994-1995, leaving the universities to generate the remaining 15 percent through various revenue diversification strategies. Sanyal (1998:16), and the World Bank (2000:40-41) identify the following revenue diversification strategies adopted by Egyptian universities: (a) Charging nominal tuition fees for alternative academic programs that are perceived to be of high quality and introducing other relevant fees. For example, state universities have introduced foreign language programs for which they charge tuition. Some public universities charge  £E1,000 as tuition for a degree program in Commerce which uses English as a medium of instruction. The number of applicants in some degree programs in public universities exceeds available spaces, a phenomenon which gives room for universities to charge tuition. While the tuition charged in this case is still only about 33 percent of the actual cost of the program, this arrangement sets a precedent towards cost recovery in public institutions (World Bank, 2002:40). Also, in recent years, a new system of admission to the faculties of Law, Commerce, and Arts allows a less qualified student to obtain a place on paying an admission fee of  £E 360 (Sanyal, op cit). The impact of this practice on the quality has been negative as manifested by a high number of repeating students in universities. Egyptian students pay between  £E30- £E150 per year as a token tuition fee in government funded universities. In addition, they also pay necessary equipment, books, transportation, and residence fees. The practice of charging token tuition fees in Egyptian public universities goes as far back as 1924 when the Egyptian University (now Cairo University) started charging  £E30 per year for all faculties with the exception of the pharmacology department that charged  £E20 per year. This university also imposed a non-refundable examination fee of  £E1.16 Tuition fee in private universities range from  £E15,000-25,000. The American University in Cairo-the oldest private university in Egypt, charges a tuition fee of US$ 2,813 for 6 credits and US$ 469 for each additional credit. (b) Income generation by specialized university centers from: (1) Cooperation with industry; (2) Patent rights; (3) Provision of continuing education to industrial employees; (4) Access to laboratory and scientific equipment; (5) Manufacturing intermediate industrial products; In addition, In 1998, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) conducted an extensive feasibility study on the market for student loans in post-secondary education in Egypt. This study recommended against launching a student loan program due to the following reasons: (a) limited market size; (b) underdeveloped debt/credit market; (c) cultural attitude uncomfortable with personal debt and loans; and (d) lack of a consumer credit agency (World Bank, 2000 op cit: 41). As a result of the above recommendations, the Egyptian Government by 2000 was planning to establish a  £E100 million-loan program for needy university students. Under this proposed loan scheme, students who can prove that they are in need of financial assistance for education-related expenses will be eligible to receive up to  £E1000 per year in government loans. The loans are to be interest free and repayment will be spread out over a period of 40 years after graduation. Problems and challenges in Egyptian higher education system are analyzed in the World Bank’s Higher Education Enhancement Project, which is a part of a comprehensive reform strategy for higher education in Egypt. The higher education reform agenda was influenced by the National Conference on Higher Education, held in February 2000, and aims to address Egypt’s need to upgrade educational quality in the university sector. Egyptian higher education sector faces a number of challenges including: (i) antiquated system-wide governance and management; (ii) low quality and relevance at the university level; (iii) low quality and relevance at the middle technical level; and (iv) limited fiscal sustainability of publicly financed enrollments (World Bank, 2000:1). The problem of financially weak enrollments is related to the dramatic increase in enrollments in university education. For example, enrollments increased by 42 percent between 1997/98 and 1998/99 leading to an 8 percent decline in per -student spending that exacerbated disparities in resource allocation between faculties (World Bank, 2002:41). While the overall expenditure on education as a proportion of GDP has grown from 3.9 percent in 1991 to 5.9 percent in 1998 with higher education receiving a 28 percent share of total expenditure in 1998, the dramatic growth of the higher education student population in Egypt creats a serious problem in financing higher education. Given the high population growth in higher education, to simply maintain the share of 18-22 age group at its present 20 percent level (this is an official policy) would require on average an additional 60,000 new enrollments in higher education for the next ten years (World Bank, 2000:2). The government has no financial ability to do this.

Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay -- Ralph Ellison Invisible Man Ess

Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man A twisted coming-of-age story, Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man follows a tormented, nameless protagonist as he struggles to discover himself in the context of the racially charged 1950s. Ellison uses the question of existence â€Å"outside† history as a vehicle to show that identity cannot exist in a vacuum, but must be shaped in response to others. To live outside history is to be invisible, ignored by the writers of history: â€Å"For history records the patterns of men’s lives†¦who fought and who won and who lived to lie about it afterwards† (439). Invisibility is the central trait of the protagonist’s identity, embodied by the idea of living outside history. Ellison uses the idea of living outside the scope of history as way to illustrate the main character’s process of self-awakening, to show that identity is contradictory and to mimic the structural movement of the novel. Ellison’s protagonist asks on the day of Tod Clifton’s death, â€Å"Where were the historians today? And how would they put it down?† (439). With these inquiries he begins to question his own identity and position relative to history. Once the Invisible Man accepts that he too exists outside of history, he steps outside the novel into the prologue and epilogue, a point from which he recognizes, internalizes and verbalizes his invisibility. The Invisible Man never considers that he might live outside of history because he typically identifies with white people who both live inside of history and are the recorders of history. While chauffeuring Mr. Norton, he proclaims, â€Å"I identified myself with the rich man reminiscing on the rear seat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (39). In contrast to the â€Å"inevitable collection of white men and women in smiles, clear of feature... ...hereas in the main text he blames Clifton for â€Å"plunging outside history.† The framing of the novel reveals the contradictory nature of identity because Ellison uses the prologue and epilogue to show that the main text could not exist on its own. The protagonist’s story must be narrated by a wiser version of himself, showing that each identity is dependent on the other. Finally, despite the Invisible Man’s initial claim to a solid identity, the epilogue does not portray a character who has completely solidified his identity. When the Invisible Man advises that â€Å"the mind that has conceived a plan of living must never lose sight of the chaos against which that pattern was conceived† (580), he warns that it is foolish to attempt to define such fluid concepts as identity in strict and unyielding terms, thus allowing for the contradictions identity presents in the novel.

Gms Ch1

CH 1 – Introducing management Talent Intellectual capital is the collective brainpower or shared knowledge of a workforce that can be used to create value. (Competency x Commitment) A knowledge worker is someone whose mind is a critical asset to employers. Diversity Workforce diversity describes the composition of a workforce in terms of differences among people according to gender, age, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and capabilities. Prejudice is the display of negative, irrational attitudes toward members of diverse populations.Discrimination actively denies minority members the full benefits of organizational membership (ex: glass ceiling effect). Globalization – the worldwide interdependence of resource flows, product markets, and business competition Technology- technology is an crucial part of everyday business and helped with globalization communication. It has also added flexibility to workplaces through things like, telecommuting. Ethics â€⠀œ set of moral standards of what is â€Å"good† and â€Å"right† in one’s behaviour.Careers – skills should be portable and always of value. Portfolio workers are people who always have the skills needed to readily shift jobs and even careers. Some critical skills include mastering, networking, entrepreneurship, tech-savvy, marketing and passion for renewal Organizations in the new workplace What is an organization? Organizations are collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose. All organizations share a purpose of providing goods or services of value to customers and clients.Organizations as systems: organizations are open systems (they transform resource inputs from the environment into product outputs) that interact with their environments in the continual process of obtaining resource inputs and then transforming them into outputs in the form of finished goods and services for their customers. Organizational performance: When ope rations add value to the original cost of resource inputs, then 1) a business organization can earn a profit or 2) a non-profit organization can add wealth to society.A way to tell is through productivity which measures the quantity and quality of outputs relative to the cost of inputs. Performance effectiveness is an output measure of task or goal accomplishment. Performance efficiency is an input measure of the resource costs associated with goal accomplishments. Productivity = effective and efficient performance. Changing nature of organizations: Organizational trends and transitions: Renewed belief in human capital: demands of the new economy place premiums on high-involvement and participatory work settings that rally the knowledge, experience, and commitment of all members.Demise of â€Å"command-and-control†: traditional hierarchical structures with â€Å"do as I say† bosses are proving too slow, and costly to do well in today’s competitive environment. E mphasis on teamwork: driven teamwork which pools talents for creative problem solving. Pre-eminence of technology: new opportunities appear with each development in computer and information technology; they continually change the way organizations operate and how people work.Embrace of networking: organizations are networked for intense, real-time communication and coordination, internally among parts and external with partners, contractors, suppliers and customers New workforce expectations: a new generation of workers brings to the workplace less tolerance for hierarchy, more informality, and more attention to performance merit than to status and seniority. Concern for work-life balance: As society increases in complexity, workers are forcing organizations to pay more attention to balance in the often-conflicting demands of work and personal affairs.Focus on speed: everything moves fast, so those who get products to market first have an advantage, work is now expected to be done b oth well and in a timely manner. Organizational Environment Dynamic forces and the general environment: General environment of organizations consists of all external conditions (economic, legal-political, technological, socio-cultural and natural environmental conditions) that set the context for managerial decision-making. Economic conditions: some of these influence customer spending, resource supplies and investment capital that is crucial for managers to recognize.Legal-Political conditions: monitor changes to understand the trends that can affect the regulation and oversight of businesses. Internet censorship is the deliberate blockage and denial of public access to information posted on the Internet. Technological conditions: technology is only evolving, so you must be up-date with it. Socio-cultural conditions: these conditions take meaning as norms, customers and social values on matters like ethics, human rights, gender roles and lifestyles. All such changes have consequenc es for how organizations are managed.Natural environment conditions: going â€Å"green† is one of the impacts/changes we have seen in the past few years. Public concern to such matters changes the way organizations will run. Sustainable business is when firms operate in ways that both meet the needs of customers and protect or advance the well-being of our natural environment. Sustainable innovation creates new products and production methods that have reduced environmental impact. Stakeholders and the specific environment: Specific environment (task environment) includes the people and groups with whom an organization interacts and conducts business with.Members of the specific environment are often described as stakeholders, who are the persons, groups and institutions directly affect by an organization. Value creation is the creation of value for and satisfying needs of stakeholders. Competitive Advantage: refers to something that an organization does extremely well, a cor e competency that clearly sets it apart from competitors and gives it an advantage over them in the marketplace. Competitive advantage is linked with strategic positioning which occurs when an organization does different things or the same things in different ways from its major competitors.Competitive advantage can be achieved in the follow ways: Achieved through costs- finding ways to operate with lower costs and earn profits Through quality- create products/services that are demonstrably and consistently higher quality for customers Through delivery- finding ways to outperform competitors by delivering products and services to customers factored and consistently on time, and to continue to develop timely new products Through flexibility – finding ways to adjust and tailor products and services to fit customer needs in ways that are difficult for one’s competitors to matchEnvironmental Uncertainty: means that there is a lack of complete information regarding what exi sts and what developments may occur about the environment. There are two dimensions of environmental uncertainty: 1) Degree of complexity or the number of different factors in the environment – an environment is either classified as relatively simple or complex. 2) Rate of change in and among these factors – environment classified as stable or dynamic. High uncertainty environments require firms to have flexibility and adaptability.Organizational effectiveness: is sustainable high performance in using resources to accomplish a mission and objectives. Organizational effectiveness in different viewpoints: Systems resource approach: looks at the input side and defines organizational effectiveness in terms of success in acquiring needed resources from the organization’s environment Internal process approach: looks at the transformation process and defines organizational effectiveness in terms of how efficiently resources are utilized to product goods and services.Go al approach: looks at the output side and defines organizational effectiveness in terms of how to measure achievement of key operating objectives. Strategic constituencies approach: looks at the external environment and defines organizational effectiveness in terms of the organization’s impact on key stakeholders and their interests. Managers in the new workplace What is a manager? A manager is a person who supports, activates, and is responsible for the work of others. Levels of Managers: Top managers guide the performance of an organization as a whole or for one of its major parts (CEO, presidents, and vice presidents).They also create and communicate long-term vision, and ensure that strategies and objectives are consistent with the organization’s purpose and mission. Middle managers report to top managers and oversee the large departments or divisions. Team leaders report to middle managers and supervise non-managerial workers. Top managers guide the performance of an organization as a whole or for one of its major parts (CEO, presidents, and vice presidents). They also create and communicate long-term vision, and ensure that strategies and objectives are consistent with the organization’s purpose and mission.Middle managers report to top managers and oversee the large departments or divisions. Team leaders report to middle managers and supervise non-managerial workers. Type of Managers: Line managers are responsible for work that makes a direct contribution to the organization’s outputs ex: retail manager. Staff managers use special technical expertise to advise and support the efforts of line workers. Functional managers are responsible for one area such as finance, marketing, production, personnel, accounting, or sales.General Managers are responsible for complex, multifunctional units. Managers are sometimes called administrators in public or non-profit organizations. Managerial Performance: Accountability is the requirement to show performance results to a supervisor. Effective managers help others achieve high performance and satisfaction at work. Quality of work life is the overall quality of human experiences in the workplace. Changing nature of managerial work: Upside-down pyramid is a concept: operating workers are at the top, serving customers, while managers are at the bottom support them.Customers and Clients – ultimate beneficiaries of the organization’s efforts ^Serve^ Operating workers – Do work directly effecting customer/client satisfaction ^Support^ Team leaders and managers- Help operating workers do their jobs and solve problems ^Support^ Top managers – Keep organization’s mission and strategies clear The Management Process Functions of Management: management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the use of resources to accomplish performance goals. These steps don’t have to be accomplished in a linear fashion.Plannin g: the process of setting objectives and determining what should be done to accomplish them. Managers identify desired results and ways to achieve them. Organizing: the process of assigning tasks, allocating resources, and coordinating work activities. Managers can turn plans into actions by defining jobs, assigning personnel, and supporting them with technology and other resources. Leading: the process of arousing people’s enthusiasm and inspiring efforts to achieve goals (plans and objectives).Managers can build commitments to a common vision, encourage activities that support goals, and influence others to do their best work on the organization’s behalf. Controlling: the process of measuring work performance, comparing results with objectives, and taking action to ensure desired results and corrective action if it is needed. Managers can maintain active contact with people in the course of their work, gather and interpret reports on performance, and use this informa tion to make constructive changes.Managerial Roles and Activities Managerial Roles: The roles fall into three categories: informational, interpersonal and decisional roles. Informational roles involve the giving, receiving, and analyzing of information. Fulfilling these roles involve monitoring, the scanning for information; disseminator: someone who shares the information, and a spokesperson- acting as official communicator. Interpersonal roles involve interactions with people inside and outside the work unit. A manager fulfilling these roles will be a figurehead- the odelling and setting forth key principles and policies; a leader- providing direction and instilling enthusiasm; and a link coordinating with others. Decisional roles involve using information to make decisions to solve problems or address opportunities. A manager fulfilling these roles will be a disturbance handler- dealing with problems and conflicts; a resource allocator- handling budgets and distributing resources ; a negotiator- making deals and forging agreements; and an entrepreneur- developing new initiatives.Managerial Activities: they are always busy with many things like meetings, problem solving etc. They work long hours, intense work pace, work at fragmented and varied tasks, work with many communication media and accomplish their work largely through interpersonal relationships. Managerial Agendas and Networks: Agenda setting develops action priorities for accomplishing goals and plans. Networking is the process of creating positive relationships with people who can help advance agendas. Networking creates social capital which is a capacity to get things done with support and help of others.Essential Managerial Skills: Learning is a change in behaviour that results from experience. Learning in management is focussed on developing skills and competencies to deal with the complexities of human behaviour and problem solving in organizations. Lifelong learning is continuous learning fro m daily experiences. A skill is the ability to translate knowledge into action that results in desired performance. Categories of skills of managers: Technical skills: the ability to use a special skills or expertise to perform particular tasks.Human and Interpersonal skills: the ability to work well in cooperation with other people. Emotional intelligence is the ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively. Conceptual and Analytical skills: the ability to think critically and analytically to diagnose and solve complex problems. Developing Managerial Competencies: High concept is the ability to see the big picture, identify patterns and combine ideas. High touch is the ability to understand and enjoy others in the pursuit of a purpose. Managerial competency is a skill-based capability for high performance in a management job.Here are some high-concept and high-touch competencies: Communication: ability to share ideas and findings clearly in written and oral expressi on—includes writing, oral presentation, giving/receiving feedback, technology utilization. Teamwork: ability to work effectively as a team member and team leader—includes team contribution, team leadership, conflict management, negotiation, consensus building. Self-management: ability to evaluate oneself, modify behaviour, and meet performance obligations—includes ethical reasoning and behaviour, personal flexibility, tolerance for ambiguity, performance responsibility.Leadership: ability to influence and support others to perform complex and vague tasks—includes diversity awareness, global understanding, project management, strategic action. Critical thinking: ability to gather and analyze information for creative problem solving—includes problem solving, judgement and decision-making, information gathering and interpretation, creativity/innovation. Professionalism: ability to sustain a positive impression, instill confidence, and maintain career advancement—includes personal presence, personal initiative, and career management.

The Power of Words Psychology Essay

The Power of Words Psychology Essay The Power of Words Psychology Essay The Power of Words Psychology Essay What is The Power of Words Words can be a collection of sounds and shapes passed through vocal chords or pixels on a page. Some words are vessels for the complex disparities existing in the world today. Some words can cause hate, sexism, and racism. The words have power beyond the syllables when said aloud as they summon the powers and give meaning. Certain words can transform the way of thinking and can lead to expression of certain emotions, which at times are unspoken but felt. Some words could have magical spell that could earn a person trust and power. Moreover, power is the ability to influence someone’s behavior, which can be evil or unjust sometimes. Language is the most powerful tool at the disposal of mankind. When used correctly, it creates good emotional reactions; on the contrary, when used wrongly, have the power of hurting someone. Words have the ability to transform the behaviors of an individual. For example, most people pay attention to different phrases, depending on the biological make up or the personality traits (Yule, 24). For instance, a person with eating disorder pays particular attention to words about their body parts and body image. Depending on the community, some words are regarded as taboo and can never be mentioned. Language play a key role in the management of authenticity, guiding the connotation of the word reins the people who use it. Words may be commanding and are an intimidation to self-determination, impartiality and certainty. One key example is evident in the conspiracy theory, which played a major role in the destruction and enslavement of people. Moreover, the power of words was behind the assassination of two key personalities in the history of America, President John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King. Another example is the presence of authoritarian administrations, which through their statements create slavery. Governments create laws and guidelines, and expect every citizen to abide by the policies without questioning the impact they will have on their lives. The development of conspiracy theory in the modern America with stigmatized ideologies and subjects prevent Americans from having an in-depth understanding of policies presented by their leaders. The speech by Martin Luther King I Have a Dream is one of the most famous speeches. It was delivered in 1963 during the Civil Rights Movement. The demonstration stated their demands for the fairness, equality, and elimination of racial segregation in public schools and jobs. In his speech, King connected to his audience by identifying with their tribulation, which worked as a starting point ending the endemic racial discrimination. The use of metaphors in his speech also plays a key role. For instance, King repeated the phrase â€Å"one hundred years ago† and also the noun â€Å"negro†, which acted as repetitions of emotive and obscure words intended to give the speech gravity. The majority of the people that listened to his speech were African American, and hearing another black man use the same degrading word â€Å"negro† must have been important. The blacks wanted to break loose from slavery to racial freedom. Through the use of deductive reasoning, King was a ble to express that the black people will never be content until the end of the racial discrimination. The speech was emotional, as it aimed at ensuring that it caught the audience’s attention and the people were able to sympathize with them. Words can be used to influence people’s attitude, beliefs and behaviors (Orwell, 73). For example, the use propaganda to spread rumors for the purpose of injuring a person has been used for over a century. With the advent of modern forms of communication, the information spread could impact huge number of people and even the entire country. Propagandas are constantly used by politicians to influence people’s attitudes. The phenomenon is evidenced from the elections commercials, where all the candidates use propaganda to market themselves. In addition, the current technology has allowed the spread of propaganda through radio, press, computer, emails and other forms of communication. For instance, centering on the negative reporting of Pakistan’s atomic accomplishments, it is apparent that a definite fraction of publicity was used to portray Pakistan as being harmful. Since the invention of nuclear technology, Pakistan has had an instrumental role, which was not co mmunicated to the world. The aim of propaganda was to create fear towards Pakistan as an enemy rather than a friendly country that needs to be embraced. The articles emphasized the social proof that Pakistan and America had historical enmity like other countries such as Libya and Iraq (Moore et al., 19). On the other hand, the readings depicted the likelihoods of linking Pakistan to terrorism. Media uses presentation of negative information concerning the nation; people consider Pakistan a threat to the world’s peace. The process of eliminating propaganda should include considering viewpoints applicable to the framing of negative thoughts, as it allows other people to fully understand the claims. Eventually, people can draw conclusions with a clear understanding and basis for argument. One of the famous Canadian critics Northrop said that words are effective tools for conveying cultural and societal myths, to make ideological beliefs sway people’s minds (Rubin, 142). The power of a language to establish special myths in the society ensures that the myths are passed down the next generations. For example, Barrack Obama might never have been elected to be the president if he had not repeated words such as ‘hope† and â€Å"change† throughout his speech. Through the words, he was able to hypnotize the voters to think positively about him. The mythic force behind ideology is one of the main reasons why majority of people believe that the official story released by the US government on 9/11 is the truth. It is written down in historic books to be passed down to the future generations. Another key use of words is present in the business world. Companies and organizations use words in the key aspects of the business field such as advertising campaigns. The purpose of words in advertising campaigns is to persuade clients to choose particular products over competition. Millions of campaigns are developed globally with the aim of product positioning and branding. The advertisers use graphic, verbal and sound communication tools to construct messages and persuade the consumer (Bohannon, 3). Coining the message in a simple way can create a huge impact on the reader. The story needs to be commutated effectively by developing a central concept that focuses on the efforts on the anchor story with values intended for the presentation. A good story allows the consumers to associate with the emotional aspects presented by the message, which will impact their consumption and acceptance. A brief precise message usually generates a better response than long distorted ones. The en vironmental context also plays an important role in effective communication, with the choice of words to fit to the environmental context. Words can have incredible effects on the audience depending on the interpretation. For example, at the end of the Second World War, the allies powers sent a message to Japan with demands to surrender. The Japanese sent back their response with the word â€Å"mokusatsu† which has two translations â€Å"to ignore† or â€Å"to withhold comment†. The allies powers did not understand that the Japanese meant the second option of withhold comments to give them time to make decisions. They assumed that Japan had ignored the demands for surrender. Therefore, the allies ended the war by dropping the atomic bomb which transformed the world we live in today (Stockill, 22). Hitler’s speech also is an example of the power of words. Adolf Hitler delivered a speech to a large crowd in Munich. It was an event that acted as the baseline foundation of Nazism. The speech was able to connect to the audience, persuade the central idea of strengthening Germany by controlling the Jewish citizenship. Leaders have adopted the use of rhetoric strategies in their communication to address issues and influence their audience. The most attracting part of people’s tales and activities are ones that have a teamwork approach. Teamwork is a key element when people try to seek identity in the society. In most instances, social identity helps in founding key organizational behaviors. According to prior studies, the understanding and acceptance of any form of identity has allowed popular leaders to acquire support on the ground of shared values. The approach portrays that the success story of leaders is not on individual basis, but founded on collective responsibility. There are group of phrases that successful people never use, including, â€Å"I am the boss†; â€Å"that’s not my fault†. This is because good leadership involves taking responsibility, and not shifting blame to the subordinates. Leaders that take the responsibility earn loyalty and trust from their teams. In addition, a constant reminder to the team that you are in charge shows weaknesses of a leader. Depending on the beliefs, the words written in the religious book such as the Bible and the Quran have impacts on the readers (Sigelman, 430). The words written define their way of life and guide their beliefs. For example, in the Bible, there are commandments that need to be followed. Failure to live by the commandments means that a person is wicked. Religious history indicates that creation of the universe was done through the power of word. In addition, the Supreme Being has the ability to destroy the world by a single word. Christians function on the belief that words can bring death. Thus, everyone will remain accountable to the words spoken while on earth. In most cases, the words do not create emotional reactions on their own, but in combination with other words. For example, the word abortion can have different impacts when it is expressed as a medical procedure to terminate the fetus or as a method to kill a baby. Choosing words according to their connotative meaning elevates or decreases its impacts to the intended audience. Words have different connotations. Words, irrespective of the source, are a powerful tool in the world. The main role of words is to facilitate effective communication between different parties. The key benefits of words in the world are to pass the information, motivate, affluence pain or hurt, and even help catalyze or stop the wars. The understanding and decent use of semantic gives the supremacy to build commanding transcripts and calligraphies, which link to the beleaguered onlookers at unfathomable expressive levels. In the modern-day familiarity, the grounds of neuroscience, semantics and reasoning have publicized that cautious selection of words can induce social change.

Prostitution in Cuba essays

Prostitution in Cuba essays Despite Castros effort to reduce prostitution and sex tourism, these problems still remain in Cuba. Many articles report that these efforts have not helped because of other regulations around the world. A John Hopkins University report says Canadian and American tourists have contributed to a sharp increase in child prostitution and exploitation of women in Cuba (due to) a current drop in political restriction on travel to Cuba and a crackdown on sex tourism in Southeast Asia (Calzon). These factors have encouraged more tourists to travel to Cuba for sex because they know that Castro will allow them to get away with it. American policy towards Cuba is another factor that has influenced the continual increase in prostitution in Cuba. Castro has been able to use the United States policy to build hostility against the US to justify actions that are not helping Cuba at all. This hostility increases the fear of ordinary Cubans that the US might invade or that right-wing Cuban-American exiles will return from Miami to Havana and take back their property (Esler). Esler went on to say that year on year the conditions for ordinary Cubans get worse, rations down, prostitution up. Tourism, of course, also plays a big role in the staying power of prostitution. With so many people coming to Cuba for this reason, it is difficult to stop an industry which helps the economy so much. The New Republic reported in June 2000 that the government has even begun referring to these women as promoters of tourism (Kielly). Other than for sex, it is thought that few people would visit Cuba if given the chance. The sex, of course, is what most of the tourists come to Havana for. Have no doubts about this. Theyre not here to show solidarity with 40 years of continuous revolution, or to study architecture, and they certainly arent here for the food (Kielly). ...

Discussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion questions - Essay Example 2007). The above data sources act as indicators of financial outcome of a project in hospital which is meant to improve the services of patients and in the long run increase their financial benefits to continue improving the hospital and even expand their services. These records in various sections of the hospital will serve as an indicator of the financial outcome essential for evaluation. The best evaluation design would be the pretest and posttest design with follow-up. This is because this evaluation design measures the project before it begins and at the end and this provides effective results that act as a baseline for comparison. The comparison is essential to indicate whether the project has achieved its set objectives or not and which objectives have not been achieved which is the basic essence of evaluation. The sampling strategy effective is the quota sampling. The hospital can be divided into quotas which depend on the services (like pharmacy, outpatient, and inpatient) and the evaluation can be carried out on each quota. This would also enable for comparison to be done on the (Melton et al. 2007). In order for an organization to compete successfully in the market, the quality of its goods and services must increase and this will require organizational structure of that organization to act. There may be more role allocation and role specificity in a bid to ensure that employees are producing their best in terms of goods or services production. In hospital for example, the nurses may be required to work in specific wards or handle specific cases to ensure increase in quality and standards of treatment and overall care for their patients (Borkowski 2005). Organizational structure of an organization is determined by the set goals and objectives of the organization. These same goals and objectives are centered on an increase in production of goods or services being offered in that organization. This therefore means that the two

Personal development plan for preparing to the financial advisor exam Essay

Personal development plan for preparing to the financial advisor exam - Essay Example I end the first section with a set of time-based goals and objectives for the next twenty years. The next section is an analysis of my personal competence and characteristics. In the third section, I discuss and analyse the profession I want to practice, that of becoming a financial advisor. The fourth section contains a general plan of objectives, goals, strategies, and measurements (OGSM) to prepare myself to pass the financial advisor examinations in May 2006. The final section contains Tables from the previous sections. I define my Mission as the basic purpose for why I think I exist. I define my Vision as my aspiration in life, what I want to achieve in the future. I define my Core Values as the standards of personal and professional behaviour that will guide me in realising my mission and attaining my vision (Cottrell, 2003, p. 12). I believe that without a clear direction of where I want to go, why I want to go there, and the basic rules that will guide me in this journey of my life, it will be difficult for me to reach my destination, much less know how I will get there (Maxwell, 1998, p. 168). I am a person who always tries to find a reason for everything I do, and in this story of my life, I feel that my life has a specific mission that it is my destiny, and mine alone, to fulfil. What is my specific Mission? I have been thinking about this for some time, and I found the answer by asking myself the question of how I want to be remembered in this world. Among the many answers that came to mind, the one that appeals to me most is this: I want to make a mark in the world by changing the lives of people in ways they have never imagined. I want to be someone people will remember not as rich, well known, admired, or praised, placed on a pedestal by people who will raise their eyes and say, â€Å"Yes, this person is different from us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  No, I would rather be someone

Human Resources Management 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Resources Management 4 - Essay Example After implementing the policy of casual dress policy, Digital Device started to face few issues. The employee’s behavior became more casual with the clients resulting in complaints to the sales manager. The Casual dress should be allowed but there should also be certain rules and regulations with respect to casual dressing among the employees. The policy should be revised in accordance with the HR manager and list of approved and not approved items. However after implementing the casual dress policy and revising it again after few months might not be acceptable for the employees and they might not agree to the revised list as to which of the type of casual dress to be followed. It is very important to communicate the changes that are to be taken place in the organization to its respective employees. Here the HR department plays a vital role as it is the duty of the HR to communicate the revised policy to the employees. The revised policy can be communicated personally to each department by conducting meetings with the respective teams by the HR head. This might have a positive impact on the employees rather than just sending mails and listing the revised policy in the notice board. The policy of losing the job if one found to be guilty of smoking or stealing has been practiced in most of the organizations. The new policy treat cigarettes as an illegal narcotic and aims to adopt a free smoker free workplace. If the policy is mentioned in the contract before joining the organization it can be viewed to be legal and very much ethical. The organizations aim to provide with a healthy working area and also ensuring proper health of the employees. At Health Unlimited each of the employees is required to sign a statement stating that the employee is a non smoker and will not smoke either at work or away from work. It was also stated that if anybody found guilty would be discharged from the job.