Rebranding of Online Marketing Platforms Essay

Just a week ago, Rachel Abrams penned an exquisite piece in The New York Times titled, best(p) deal Profit Nearly Doubles in Quarter, With Online Sales up 22%. The title of the article suggests every political partys gross r as yetue dream envisions by means of a rigorous online merchandising scheme only when what is not known is that wholly everywhere the past decade scoop up deprave has experienced angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most turbulent sessions in business history. Basing on this history, Rachel Abrams takes us through the steadily recuperating stigmatise foodstuffing strategy of a company that was on the brink of closure three years back. This subject in that locationfore seeks to analyze Abrams article using the Porter five forces analysis to reflect on the benefits of analyzing markets before investing in a situation marketing strategy.Porter five forces analysis is a framework centre on market competition analysis of specific industries and help s in the growing of probable business strategies. Basing its tents on industrial organizations economics, it utilizes five major forces that argon used to determine the competitive intensity of a market thereby determining the attractiveness of a market. The five forces of the porter framework argon threat of new entrants, threat of substitute carrefours or services, bargaining male monarch of customers, bargaining power of suppliers and the intensity of competitive rivalry- alternatively referred to macroenvironmental factors of the business. In this linguistic context the article contains various aspects of these factors and will be discussed in detail in the underlying chapters CITATION Aro14 l 1033 (Arons, Driest, & Weed, 2014). From the offset, Abrams introduces her article as a marketing piece with the introductory sentence which suggests best(p) bargain fors move to boost the visibility of their products through lowering their product costs and adopting a web strategy to boost online gross revenue and marketing.Considering that Best bribes cost-cutting and web strategy was rolled out over two years back after(prenominal) they registered losses for not joining the online marketing bandwagon where competitors aggressively adopted online avenues to take their products it is safe to say that their move will be beneficial to their sales in long run. Proof is in the Stifel Nicolaus sentiment which suggests that they vex registered a 7% augment in their sales registering 15% sales increase in the financial year 2012/2013 and 22% sales boost in the just completed 2013/2014 financial year. This was only actualized after the company do several adjustments to its marketing strategies to strike their own competitive edge over their fellow competitors. Their major competitors argon online retail giants like eBay and Amazon that over the past decade threatened to wipe out Best Buy from the market but since devising adjustments in their marketing strate gy, the company has witnessed vizor line growth considered as eroding to match up and even go to the extent of toppling their competition. Best Buy had to change from its quite a uneven told school brick-and-mortar sales strategy where customers had to go to stores to remove purchases as foreign to a hands-on experience where customers understructure use gadgets can make online purchases and the company organizes delivery services for them.Threats of New EntrantsConsidering that the retail business rakes millions of dollars in revenue annually, upcoming companies have come to have a piece of the big pie but still eBay and Amazon still top the online sell businesses. However, several factors have impacted on the entry levels that will contain new players from making a go into a newly determine market. Take the instance of brands like Gap, banana republic and Old naval forces stores who have registered drops in their sales considering the move by to adopt engineering scien ce where stores are no longer viable and now what is being embraced in the markets is the new savvy online shopping.Best Buys Ship from hive away Approach (Substitute Product Service)For their delivery purposes, Best Buy has an incentive where there customers upon purchase of a product are awarded a gift which is delivered to them considering that the demesne is currently experiencing bad weather conditions. Similar to other major retailers in the industry, Best Buy is moving from stocking their products stores and are now are transit their products to consumers directly. Their market analysis suggests that 2% to 4% of traffic online is not liable of purchases simply because there exists no inventory in its respective dispersion facilities, however, most of the time the stock is usually available at their retail centers. This has been actualized through an expansion that saw over 1400 stores being opened up from the old 400 stores in the past year CITATION Abr14 l 1033 (Abrams , 2014). This get as simply being adopted to reduce theme traffic in stores the company simply adopted a ship-to-store near which was only piloted in 50 stores to see its impact on sales before actualizing it in the other stores across the country. This enabled all the distribution centers to cover online inventory as opposed to the previous approach where only one store was responsible for delivery of e-commerce purchases. In essence, the new shipping approach has ensured delivery of purchased products to be done two times faster than was the courtship in the past. It is important to note that the ship-to-store approach is responsible for achieving the sales registered in the current year considering it has ensured high clearance margins patch at the aforementioned(prenominal) time ensures that the company reduces its out-of-stock messages thus improving online conversation with customers.Rebranding of Online Marketing PlatformsThe increase sale of Best Buy are credited to t he fact that their e-commerce computer program has been improved in the past year to engage the customers more in shopping for their perfect products by making their huntes on the website simple. The improvements on the website have been actualized through introduction of new search elements, offering product prices and recommendations, optimized search engine tools and improved search elements. The involvement of these new tools helps customers easily commit products for purchase. To further make the whole process interactive and better than what their competitors are offering, Best Buy included a home-based design of their website where consumers could create a robust streamlined wish list with well enhanced seafaring capabilities. Hubert Joly, Best Buy Chief executive therefore suggests that in the future, the company will be keen on transforming their print and television market spending to the new trend of online marketing channels CITATION Dun12 l 1033 (Dunn, 2012).Above all , it is important to note that the most important aspect of a marketing initiative is the consumers who a company is trying to sell their brand to. ShopperTrack a surveying company suggests that over passs like Christmas and Thanksgiving, there is an change magnitude demand for online shopping as people are seeking gifts for their families. Considering this, the survey suggest that foot traffic into malls and large retailing centers only ingest 50% of this traffic and the rest goes to online shopping avenues. Consequently, following this trend, it is forecasted that during this year online sales will double brick-and-mortar sales in the current holiday season. Banking on this, Hubert Joly says that gifting customers who purchase their products online is an incentive aimed at increasing traffic online and they seek to extend to out customers outside the United States specifically the China market through shipping of their products across the continent. Keen to go over their past holiday one billion holiday sales of last year, Best Buy is seeking to go above this sales record during this Christmas and Thanksgiving season.From their previous experiences transaction with online customers, they learned six important aspects to consider while dealing with online multichannel customers. Firstly, in developing strategies, customers ever changing needfully and behaviors have to be taken into consideration CITATION Tre07 l 1033 (Trefis, 2007). Secondly, customers need to be provided with the capability to research products before making an order while at the same time interact with the retailer many customers deficiency to interact before simply signing off a transaction. Best Buy should be able to give customers an entry point where they can easily access the website irrespective of their location one way of doing this is making the application accessible on mobile devices like laptops, phones or tablets. It is as well as important for Best Buy to reinforce mar keting across all media channels by reaching out to all audiences through product campaigns in different languages. Lastly, the company should not only focus on growing a specific marketing channel but rather seek to fulfill customer needs on a multichannel perspective.ReferencesBIBLIOGRAPHY Abrams, R. (2014, November 20). Best Buy Profit Nearly Doubles in Quarter, With Online Sales Up 22%. Retrieved November 26, 2014, from The New York Times http//www.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/business/best-buy-big-retailers-announce-q3-earnings.html?_r=0Arons, S. M., Driest, v. D., & Weed, K. (2014). The Ultimate Marketing Machine. Harvard telephone circuit Review , 78-99.Dunn, J. B. (2012). How I Did It Best Buys CEO on Learning to Love Social Media. Harvard Business Review , 12-28.Trefis, W. (2007). Macroenvironment factors and Online Business . New York Barnes & NobleSource document

Case study on kerry group Essay

IntroductionAs part of my stemma organisation c atomic number 18 assignment I ca-ca been asked to investigate and evaluate the internal and impertinent environment of an organization and the concussion of change on an organization I intend on outlining the purpose, mission, vision , objectives and organise of this organization, explain the relevance of the lineament of structure. Do a pest and swot analysis and evaluate the impact of change on the organization , I go away be terminate this assignment with the aid of the website , Kerry viandsgroup.com the internet and my class notes.AimsThe aims of this assignment ar to observe I deal out the future(a) aspects Relevant information appropriately presented pinch and knowledge of chosen topic clear demonstrated Present germane(predicate) data and statistics that support my workComprehensive evaluation of topic clearly demonstratedConclusions and recommendations bibliographyOrganisation symbolsI am going to explore the f ollowing organisation typesSole TraderPrivate exceptional Comp some(prenominal) prevalent curb CompanyCo-OperativeSole dealerA sole trader is a type of moving in entity that anyows one person to be just responsible for the fiscal dealings of the business. The benefits and disadvantages of being a sole traderAdvantages You argon your own boss .Set your own working hours. separate your rate of pay.Easy to curing up.This form of business ownership has fewer regulations than other systems ofownership do. And another major benefit of operating as a sole trader is the ability to exert full say-so over the businessDisadvantagesUn special(a) liabilityNo sick pay. exclusively pressure and responsibility is on you.No one o cover you if something happensIncome tax 20-41%No one to share decisions injure every last(predicate) lossesPrivate circumscribed CompanyPrivate moderate companies are viewed as corporations under the law and share several reciprocal characteristics with all cor porations. However, private corporations are owned and operated by a mid bring down group of people. Because of their structure, private limited corporations operate under a correct of limitations not imposed on public corporations.AdvantagesA private limited company is run by a small group, Many of them members of a single family, that wishes to limit the influence of outsiders on its company. Because private limited companies are run by a small group, they are usually not subject to takeovers and other challenges faced by public companies. The minmum required to set one upis 1 person and the max is 99.DisadvantagesProfit SharingTaxes insufficiency of privacy, information concerning the company is made public.Public limited companyA company whose shares are traded on a contain exchange and fecal matter be bought and sold by anyone. Public companies are exactingly regulated, and are required by law to publish their complete and true financial position so that investors can dete rmine the true worth of its stock . Also called a plc Facebook is a reality formed plc .AdvantagesThere is limited liability for the shareholders.The business has separate effective entity. There is continuity compensate if any of the shareholders die. These businesses can raise large capital sum as there is no limit to the number of shareholders. The shares of the business are freely transferable providing more(prenominal) liquidity to its shareholders .DisadvantagesThere are lot of legal bits and pieces required for forming a public limited company. It is costly and cadence consuming. In order to protect the interest of the ordinary investor there are strict controls and regulations to comply. These companies piss to publish their accounts. The original owners may lose control.Public Limited companies are huge in size and may face attention problems such as slow decision making and industrial dealings problems. Co-OperativeA co-operative is a group of people acting together to live up to the common needs and aspirations of its members e.g the Credit union, sharing ownership and making decisions democratically. Co-operatives are not about making big profits for shareholders, but creating time value for customers this is what gives co operatives a unique character, and influences our values and principles.AdvantagesIt is usually inexpensive to usher a joint. each members and shareholders must be active in the cooperative. Shareholders have an equal vote at general meetings regardless of their shareholding or pastime in the cooperative. Members, other than directors, can be under18, though these members cannot meet for office and do not have the right to vote. Shareholders, directors, managers and employees have no responsibility for debts of the cooperative unless those debts are caused recklessly, negligently or fraudulently. A cooperative is owned and controlled by its members, rather than its investors.DisadvantagesThere must be a minimum of fi ve members.There is a usually a limited distribution of surplus (profits) to members/shareholders and some cooperatives may prohibit the distribution of any surplus to members/shareholders. Even though some shareholders may have a greater involvement or investment than others, they still only get one vote. Active and direct involvement of members/shareholders in the cooperative.These bullet points and definitions where all found in my class notes and I in like manner used www.cro.ieKerry Foods groupThe company I am going to focus on will be Kerry foods group the history of the organisation traces the evolution and growth of Kerry theme from its modest beginnings in the south west of Ireland some 30 age ago into a successful, publicly traded, multinational corporation and starring(p) impostor in the global food industry. Having commenced operation from a green airfield site in Listowel, Co. Kerry in 1972, the Kerry organisation has realised sustained paid growth with curren t annualised sales of approximately 5.8 billion, Kerry class today is a world attraction in food sections and flavours serving the food and boozing industry, and a leading supplier of added value brands and customer mark foods to the Irish and UK marts.Kerry has grown to become one of the largest and most technologically advanced manufacturers of ingredients and flavours in the world. Spanning all major food categories, Kerrys core technologies and global resources in culinary, dairy, lipid, meat, cereal, sweet and beverage systems andflavours provide innovative, practical mathematical product solutions to food manufacturers and food service companies.PurposeKerry Foods operates in Ireland and the UK. they market there own brands crossways a wide range of categories and supply supermarket private labels in selected areas. they also have become one of the leading chilled foods companies in the geography with A strong portfolio of brands, in which they continue to invest and g row conterminous working relationships with retail customers to develop mutually successful, private label business An unrivaled national service to the fencesitter convenience sector, in both the UK and IrelandMission statementKerry meeting will be the world leader in food ingredients and flavours serving the food and beverage industry, and a leading supplier of added value brands and customer branded foods to the Irish and UK markets Through the skills and sincere commitment of ther employees, we will be leaders in our selected markets excelling in product quality, technical and marketing creativity and service to our customersWe are committed to the highest standards of business and ethical behavior, to fulfilling our responsibilities to the communities which we serve and to the creation of long-term value for all stakeholders on a socially and environmentally sustainable basis.VisionGroup Goals & massive Term Targets Group revenue +2% to +4% (LFL) volume growth Margin 10 % Group margin in 5 years Adjusted EPS* 10%+ ROAE* 15%+ and CFROI 12%+ObjectivesKerrys Sustainability Programme represents a journey of continuous improvement an ongoing process and strategy to cook sustainable growth. Sustainability is at the heart of our business strategy and enshrined in our bodied mission statement.As a world leader in ingredients & flavors and as a major consumer foods organization in Europe, Kerry aims to conduct its business in a responsible and sustainable manner.This gets a holistic approach to Group activities involving coating liaison with our customers, suppliers, regulatory authorities, employees and other relevant stakeholders.Our Kerry Group Sustainability Council appraises, directs and provides leadership in promoting industry best practice sustainability program throughout the Group. Its membership includes Directors of Group functions with responsibility for all pillars of Kerrys Sustainability Programme.Structure of the organizationBusiness s tructureThe Group is divided into several divisionsKerry Ingredients & Flavours is the largest division producing over 15,000 ingredients, flavours and integrated solutions from more than 125 manufacturing sites worldwide. It claims to have become the largest and most technologically advanced supplier of technology-based ingredients, flavours and integrated systems. Kerry Foods supplies added-value branded and customer branded food products to supermarket chains, convenience stores and independent retailers across the UK and Ireland. It has 15 manufacturing facilities all in Ireland and the UK.Products include sausage, cut bacon, sliced meats, pastry products, ready meals, ready-to-cook products, savoury snacks, cheese, cheese snacks, dairy spreads, low-fat spreads, UHT products, home-baking products, salads, sandwiches and fruit juices.Consumer branded products include in Ireland Denny, Galtee, LowLow, Dairygold, Cheestrings, Charleville Cheese, Shaws, Coleraine, Golden Cow, Eas iSingles, Dawn, Roscrea, Kerrymaid, Golden Olive, Mitchelstown, Calvita, Ballyfree, Move over cover and Freshways in the UK Richmond, Walls,Mattessons, LowLow, Cheestrings, Pure, Mr. Brains, Porkinsons, Bowyers, Lawsons, Greens and Homepride. Kerry agribusiness is headquartered in Charleville, Co. Cork, and works with the Groups 4,000 draw suppliers in Ireland, to produce milk and related dairy products.Why have structures?Because it allows each sector to oranise itself.All businesses have to know what to doA clear structure makes it easier to apprehend the organisations objectives Organization chartWhat is a organisation chart?Companies use the organisational chart to pictorially depict their prevailing hierarchies, work flow and means-responsibility diagrams. clear companies use flat organizational charts and large companies use tall organizational charts.FunctionThe main purpose in drawing an organizational chart is to visually represent employee structures of the organi zation. One glance at the chart tells the witnesser of all reporting to a particular employee and to whom he is answerable for work-related matters.FeaturesA tall organizational chart is one that is shaped like a pyramid. There are several layers and tiers of employees. This structure is narrow and the top and ample at the bottom.A flat organizational chart is wide and wondrous all throughout. More often than not, the employees report directly to the top management. This is pictorially depicted by a flat organizational chart.ConsiderationsThe type of organizational chart that the company draws must be based on the type of trade it is into. It is not practical and feasible for largecompanies to have a flat organizational structure and chart. Large companies tend to centralize authority and departmentalize their strategic functions.Likewise, when small companies use the tall organizational structure and chart, they have to deal with greater bureaucracy and middlemens salaries.Is Ke rry food group a flat or tall organisation?Swot Analysis of Kerry GroupKerry Group, Plc.CategoryFood ProcessingSectorFood and BeveragesTagline/ SloganBrands that recallUSPIts worldwide facilities and unrivalled technical support network guarantees that its highly acclaimed ingredient systems and technologies are available to food mainframe or foodservice companies in all markets.STPSegmentBusiness segments Ingredients incorporating Culinary, Flavours andBio-Science, Consumer Foods, Agribusiness and DairiesTarget GroupAgribusiness Food sector, Animal feed sector, Drinks sectorConsumer Foods & Dairies Consumers of branded & private labelled food productsPositioningCommitted to evolving food and developing brands that deliver, time and time againSWOT AnalysisStrength1. Established global touch on and technical network with an ingredients portfolio extending to some nine thousand products to food processor and foodservice markets in over 120 different countries 2. Core technological strengths in savory ingredients, sweet ingredients, food coating systems, nutritional systems and specialty protein applications 3. An unrivalled national service to the independent convenience sector, in both the UK and Ireland 4. cozy working relationships with retail customers to develop mutually successful, private label business5. One of the leading consumer brands in Ireland and EuropeWeakness1.Input cost excitableness due to raw material pricing being impacted by adverse crop production conditions 2. Limited market share and constrict from competitive markets 3.Ingredients and Flavours market is highly fragmentedOpportunity1.Growth in have for convenient ready-to-use foods to match modern lifestyles and for fresh natural food products 2.Growing Ingredients and Flavours market3. Tapping global capability via emerging markets & global customersThreats1.Food industry supply and demand issues2.Commodity cost inflationary momentum3.Impact of foreign exchange fluctuationsCompe titionCompetitors1.Associated British Foods Plc.2.Greencore Group Plc.3. Westbury Dairies LimitedPest analysis

The Gestalt Approach

The Gestalt approach was about how multitude represent a chore in their own minds, and how sour a problem involves a reorganization or restructuring of this representation. The first central idea of Gestalt problem solving is how a problem is represented in a persons mind. This means what do they think about the problem? They would give people a problem and then see how they could figure out how to solve it by restructuring the problem. then the second idea of Gestalt is insight. Insight is when you possess a sudden realization of how the problem should be solved.Gestalt assumed that when people were enumeration out problems that when they finally make believe the answer this is insight. Insight is like that Aha split second you get when you finally figured the problem out. They believed that restructuring the problems was directly involved in solving insight problems. One of the major obstacles to solving these problems was fixation. Fixation is when people tend to focus on one specific problem celestial sphere of the problem that keeps them from seeing the real problem, and being fitted to solve it. When smell at a problem some people tend to sacrifice a preconception of how the problem should be solved.This is called a psychic set. The mental set is a preconceived notion about how to approach a problem, which is determined by a persons experience or what has worked in the past. The Information- Processing Approach is Newell and Simons approach to solving problems. They aphorism problems in terms of an initial state. An Initial state is the conditions at the outset of a problem. Then you have the mark state which is the effect of the problem. They phthisis the Tower of Hanoi problem, which is three discs stacked on the left finalize and the coating state as these discs stacked on the right peg.During this problem they introduced the idea of operators which is the actions that take the problem from one state to another. Each tint of the problem created and intermediate state. When a problems starts it starts with the initial state and continues through a number of intermediates states that finally reach the tendency state. All of these together, the initial state, goal state and all the intermediate states for the problems atomic number 18 called a problem space. A person has to search the problem to find the solution to it, and one room of directing the search of finding the answer is a strategy called means-end nalysis. The goal of means-end analysis is to reduce the difference between the initial state and the goal state. This is achieved by sub goals. Sub goals argon the intermediate states that get you contiguous to the goal state. Analogical problem solving involves three bills gibe to Gick and Holyoak. Step one is noticing. You have to notice that there is an analogous kindred between the source story and the target problem. This is a crucial step in analogical problem solving. The second step of thi s is functionping. Mapping is when you have to correspond between the source story and the target problem.You have to map the different parts of the story together in order to attention you solve the problem. Then, the third step is to apply. Applying is you take all of the connections you made during chromosome mapping and apply them so you can successfully solve the problem. One matter that makes the first step difficult is that people tend to focus on the surface features of the problem. Surface features are the specific element that makes up the problem. Then you have the structural features. Structural features are the underlying principle that governs the solution.Studies have shown that when people are able-bodied to get enough sleep they are able to perform better when it comes to figuring out a solution to a problem. If someone has studied and then are able to go to sleep without any interruption they are able to process much of what they studied, beca lend oneself our mind will take it all in. If someone studied and then had to stay up a while before they went to sleep they are open to more distractions, and this can cause them not to be able to think about what they know and help them solve the problem effectively.If I had to pick out three of the objects on our paper to create something it would be the, circle, the rainbow shape and the cross. I would take the circle and make it like a tire that would bouncing, and then connect to cross shape to it to make a back for a seat and use the rainbow shape as a handle so I could hold on. In order to use this for transportation you would sit on it and bounce to where ever you needed to go. It would overly make a nice chair to just be able to sit on. If you were to use it as a scientific instrument you could use it see how far it would bounce from point a to oint b, and then quantity the distance in between. Im not really legitimate how it would be used as an appliance, unless you wanted to use it as a heater. If you bounce up and down enough times it would warm the body and you would no longer be cold. Kids would love this to be able to bounce on all over the place, so it would make an excellent rook that could keep a child entertained for hours. If I was to use this as a weapon I could pick it up and throw it at someone and hope it knocks them out, while I run the other direction.

Senior Year – Memory Book

The final year of high tutor has now come. When my parents told me that high direct would evaporate by, they werent kidding. I never couch much panorama into the fact that high school is a unspotted four geezerhood of my life. In the grand scheme of things, its hardly each time at all. Although It really did fly by, I have adequacy memories to last a lifetime. I remember walking through the doors on my very first of all day of school as a freshman. I walked into room 315 and sat down in my first period class. It was globe history and Mrs.. Francis was my teacher. I sat down, scared out of my mind, and waited for the bell to ring.That first bell t peerless signified the beginning of my high school career. My instrument was extremely easy first semester. I had Foods, Business Management, Consumer De, Lunch, Gym, Warrior Warehouse, English and Algebra 2. I had some incredible teachers, which included Mrs.. Tradeoff, Mr.. Gross, Mrs.. Burr, Mrs.. Chart and Mr.. Mere. I have had so much fun and I loved having each of them. When second semester roll around, It wasnt so easy. I only had four real classes, but a few of them were tough. My schedule went along the lines of Foods, Government, College Com H, Lunch, CICS, Warrior Warehouse, Gym, and Algebra 2.This year I was lucky rep allowe to have Mrs.. Tradeoff, Mr.. Burr, Mrs.. Myers, Mr.. Hoskings and Mr.. Myrrh. They have been one amazing group of teachers. I moderateed so much from each and every one of them and I could non thank them enough. The beginning of my senior year, I was asked to be in the warrior store Instead of having a study hall. Mr.. V called me down to his office and I remember being so scared because I never charge knew where his office was. He then asked me to be In there and I said yes. I was thrilled because I have always persuasion I was a great leader and knew that I had a extensive Job to take on.It was my responsibility to make ere I did not let anyone steal and when a p roblem occurred I let Mr.. V populate Immediately. It was such an honor that he asked me to be In there and let alone ask me again for the rest of the year. High school has been an steamy roller coaster for me. Eve stayed up until two a. M. Working on assignments, glaring over boys, and deciding what to wear for picture day. I have met and muzzy friends throughout my four-year Journey, and I have changed more than I ever thought I would. However, the most important part of high school has been tuition who I am. As clich as it may sound, high school is the arrange whereI found myself. Eve flourished with my strengths and struggled with my weaknesses. Though it was difficult at times, and I precious to give up often, It was all worth It. High school has been large of crazy events, From the SST. Baldrics day rallies to the four and a half hour ACT, it has been one memorable journey. T Off It seems like only yesterday I was reading Romeo and Juliet in Mr.. Rebecca English class. Now, I am Just months remote from graduating and starting my life. My grandpa once told me that I would spend four years toilsome to get out of high school, and the rest of my life trying to get back in.He was exactly right. I thought high school would be a drag and I would never get out. be Just months away from graduating, I wish I could start all over. Although it has been an incredibly dramatic and emotional Journey for me, I dont regret a single moment of my high school career. I have had the take on to meet some amazing students and teachers. I have coasted through classes, and I have been pushed to my limit. I learned that learning has no boundaries and the things I learn in school will definitely come into play after in life. I Just wish I had taken a second to stop and look around. High school really did fly by.

Exploring the 1960’s

As an archeologist I charter affectn legion(predicate) things while traveling the world. only when I recently came across an provoke time capsule in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. I would father neer thought the 60s were an pull downtful decade, since it was way before my time, entirely boy was I amaze at what I found. The invention and scattering of take in control lozenges gave a young exemption to wo manhoodpower and their sexuality. The black lotion of keister Fitzgerald Kennedy, a young president that had a promising future, along with some(prenominal) other(a) high pen hands who had a large keep up following.Woodstock in upstate b ar-ass York 1969 was a huge event that spawned some a nonher(prenominal) other festivals featuring s everal day events and equally rowdy crowds through off the U. S. And my uncompar fit favorite moving-picture show, de neverthelessed in 1968, George Romeros dark of the Living loose. In centuries prehistoric at that place have been many a nonher(prenominal) forms of support control. In Egypt 1550 B. C, women would mix berries, herbs and erotic love as a vaginal suppository to kill sperm during intercourse.1700s Giovanni Casanova, and Italian adventurer and author, attempted a form of female condom with sheep gut and lemon juice. In 1839, Charles Goodyear who vulcanise rubber, created the first true condom, douche syringes, and a womb veil or a form of a lay everyplace, which was later onwardswards officially called a diaphragm in 1880. But, it was non until 1960 that the first birth control oral contraceptive pill, Envid was created, and just about half(prenominal) a jillion women were taking it for genuine medical purposes other than a form of not runting pregnant.The construct of the birth control pill allowed a new freedom for women to look their sexuality and not get pregnant, but it did not and still does not prevent sexually contagious diseases. tail Fitzgerald Kennedy, born on w f ool awayethorn 29, 1917, was not a truly healthy child. Suffering from typically ailments such as whooping cough, chicken pox, and measles, almost did not make it after a battle with scarlet febrility before the age of 3. He grew up as an Irish Catholic in Massach designtts. Though a poorly(p) and slightly clumsy kid, beingness whizz of nine kids, he had a very dominant personality.In 1936 he entered Harvard University playing football alongside his sr. familiar Joe however he was not as good of a player as his brother and suffered a back injury that would neer fully heal. His brother Joe was the one with the aspirations to become the first Irish chair. His superior year at Harvard, he wrote his thesis based on wherefore Great Britain was not found to take on Germany. It was later published, called why England Slept. Joining the navy blue after graduating, he served as Captain on a PT-109 to keep the Japanese from delivering supplies to their soldiers.He was awarded th e Medal of Honor from both the Navy and Marine Corps for his fortitude and bravery after a Japanese destroyer rammed the ship he was on, splitting it in 2, killing devil of the twelve cluster members. JFK bring through one of his shipmates who was severely burned, as well passing as the rest of the crew when he wrote a note on a coconut thump out that was found by natives days later. In 1946, after his service time, he ran for congress in Massachusetts and win a seat. He went on to serve 3 terms and was wherefore elected to the Senate.He wrote a obtain in 1957 regarding U. S. Senators who fought for what they believed in called Profiles of Courage, which won him a Pulitzer Prize. On July 13, 1960 he was nominal by the Democratic Party to go past for President of the United States, reservation him the youngest President (43), and was elected the 35th President on January 20, 1961. On November 22, 1963 John Fitzgerald Kennedy, also know as Jack, was ride in a motorcade on his way to a luncheon when he was hit in the head and neck passing by the Texas give lessons Depository in Dallas, Texas.Also hit was the G all overnor, who later recovered from his serious authority wound. John F. Kennedy was an advocate for battle poverty, racial discrimination, disease, war and wanted to be the first country to mould a man on the moon. His assassin, lee side Harvey Oswald, who also killed a law officer the same day, was himself assassinated by Jack Ruby, silencing the only man who could answer questions as to why Kennedy was killed. The assassination of JFK has been a controversial offspring for many age anduntil any documents and or photos come to light on who or what was behind his assassination we may never know.Kennedy was a crowing pusher for place exploration, and though he was not present to see his dream come true, on July 16, 1969, a team of three men were catapulted into space to be the first men on the moon. There have been many speculation s as to whether this event even happened, even though thither is video footage of the event, many question if it was in truth just filmed on a Hollywood back lot.Since that first landing on that point has not been another U. S. man or muliebrity on the moon, but there have been many who have entered space for further exploration, and it is expected that there will once again be a man/woman on the moon in the future, but for a longer finis of time. Music makes the world go round. No matter what race, religion, gender or age, medicinal drug can make us smile, laugh, love, cry, or calm us down. So what could bring the world unitedly to send a pith of peace, cultural behavior, and openness?In 1969, more(prenominal) than half a million people travelled to Bethel, NY for a music festival that made authoritative many generations would be heard. In idealistic 1969, over a 4 day period of time, 32 acts performed on a 600 acre dairy kick upstairs to bring awareness regarding the e nvironment, universal man rights, free trade, and fanciful expression among other things. Performances by the great artists comparable Jimi Hendrix, the Who, Creedance Clearwater Revival and Crosby, Stiles and Nash. Many other music festivals have been completed over the years but none have rivaled the original.The Woodstock Festival has been paralleled cardinal more times over the years, once in 1994 featuring bands such as repeat performer Joe Cocker, new bands of the time like Blues Travelers, as well as established bands like Metallica, Aerosmith, and also a repeat performance by Crosby, Stiles and Nash. Again, phoebe bird years later, featuring Punk bands such as George Clinton and the P. Funk Band, The Offspring, and many others. even-tempered maintaining the education of the importance of keeping our priming clean, trade among countries, and the importance of creative expression. Another form of expression is filmography.Over the years there have been a variety of mo vies created for our entertainment from comedy, drama, science fiction, documentaries, carry through and my favorite, horror. In my opinion, one of the crush horror movies created was in 1968. George Romeros Night of the Living Dead was awesome. author and Director George Romero went on to write many other horror movies after Night of the Living Dead, such as The Crazies (1973), Dawn of the Dead (1978), mean solar day of the Dead (1985), the screen play for Stephen Kings elf Shines (1988), and two remakes of Dawn of the Dead (2004) and The Crazies (2010).The original Night of the Living Dead, did not have a well- known cast, and they did not go on to have a lucrative movie careers. The storyline is of siblings Barbara and greyback traveling to protactinium to visit the gravesite of their father. Attacked on their slipperiness by a strange individual, Johnny is killed and Barbara runs to a nearby cast aside farmhouse or so she believes. Inside, she meets Ben, who is also se ek to escape the unusual creatures that are attempting to advance them. Survival becoming key, they hunt the house for items they can use to keep themselves safe.Upon their search, they find a radio, and able find a running(a) radio station they find out that radiation from a artificial satellite that returned to Earth from Venus, is affecting the dead, and reanimating them, however it causes them to attack the living. Over the decades since the original screenplay, it has been reworked by many, but nothing Romeros by far is my favorite. Our future is ever changing and if we have learned anything since the tooth root of time is elevate is alpha for an ever evolving world. Upon discovering the time capsule from the 1960s, I am getting a better realization on how classical change is to our future.The evolution of birth control, from Egyptians using an all-natural vaginal suppository to the creation of the pill to give women a freedom to have more sexual experiences without the consequences of pregnancy. The progress John F Kennedy attempt to push, space exploration, a peaceful cohabitation amongst cultures and races within the United States and essay to make a difference in the poverty stricken areas in the U. S. Being the first country to limit men on the moon and constantly exploring the universe, perhaps we are not the only ones here. And exploring the infinite creativeness of music and film, the possibilities are endless.Exploring the 1960sAs an archeologist I have seen many things while traveling the world. But I recently came across an interesting time capsule in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. I would have never thought the 60s were an eventful decade, since it was way before my time, but boy was I amazed at what I found. The invention and distribution of birth control pills gave a new freedom to women and their sexuality. The assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, a young president that had a promising future, along with many other high profile men wh o had a large support following.Woodstock in upstate New York 1969 was a huge event that spawned many other festivals featuring several day events and equally rowdy crowds throughout the U. S. And my all-time favorite movie, debuted in 1968, George Romeros Night of the Living Dead. In centuries past there have been many forms of birth control. In Egypt 1550 B. C, women would mix berries, herbs and honey as a vaginal suppository to kill sperm during intercourse.1700s Giovanni Casanova, and Italian adventurer and author, attempted a form of female condom with sheep intestine and lemon juice. In 1839, Charles Goodyear who vulcanized rubber, created the first true condom, douche syringes, and a womb veil or a form of a diaphragm, which was later officially called a diaphragm in 1880. But, it was not until 1960 that the first birth control pill, Envid was created, and almost half a million women were taking it for actual medical purposes other than a form of not getting pregnant.The crea tion of the birth control pill allowed a new freedom for women to explore their sexuality and not get pregnant, but it did not and still does not prevent sexually transmitted diseases. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, born on May 29, 1917, was not a very healthy child. Suffering from typically ailments such as whooping cough, chicken pox, and measles, almost did not make it after a battle with scarlet fever before the age of 3. He grew up as an Irish Catholic in Massachusetts. Though a sickly and slightly clumsy kid, being one of nine kids, he had a very dominant personality.In 1936 he entered Harvard University playing football alongside his older brother Joe however he was not as good of a player as his brother and suffered a back injury that would never fully heal. His brother Joe was the one with the aspirations to become the first Irish President. His senior year at Harvard, he wrote his thesis based on why Great Britain was not ready to take on Germany. It was later published, called Why England Slept. Joining the Navy after graduating, he served as Captain on a PT-109 to keep the Japanese from delivering supplies to their soldiers.He was awarded the Medal of Honor from both the Navy and Marine Corps for his courage and bravery after a Japanese destroyer rammed the ship he was on, splitting it in 2, killing two of the twelve crew members. JFK rescued one of his shipmates who was severely burned, as well as the rest of the crew when he wrote a note on a coconut shell that was found by natives days later. In 1946, after his service time, he ran for congress in Massachusetts and won a seat. He went on to serve 3 terms and was then elected to the Senate.He wrote a book in 1957 regarding U. S. Senators who fought for what they believed in called Profiles of Courage, which won him a Pulitzer Prize. On July 13, 1960 he was nominated by the Democratic Party to run for President of the United States, making him the youngest President (43), and was elected the 35th Presid ent on January 20, 1961. On November 22, 1963 John Fitzgerald Kennedy, also known as Jack, was riding in a motorcade on his way to a luncheon when he was hit in the head and neck passing by the Texas School Depository in Dallas, Texas.Also hit was the Governor, who later recovered from his serious chest wound. John F. Kennedy was an advocate for fighting poverty, racial discrimination, disease, war and wanted to be the first country to put a man on the moon. His assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, who also killed a police officer the same day, was himself assassinated by Jack Ruby, silencing the only man who could answer questions as to why Kennedy was killed. The assassination of JFK has been a controversial topic for many years anduntil any documents and or photos come to light on who or what was behind his assassination we may never know. Kennedy was a big pusher for space exploration, and though he was not present to see his dream come true, on July 16, 1969, a team of three men were c atapulted into space to be the first men on the moon. There have been many speculations as to whether this event even happened, even though there is video footage of the event, many question if it was actually just filmed on a Hollywood back lot.Since that first landing there has not been another U. S. man or woman on the moon, but there have been many who have entered space for further exploration, and it is expected that there will once again be a man/woman on the moon in the future, but for a longer period of time. Music makes the world go round. No matter what race, religion, gender or age, music can make us smile, laugh, love, cry, or calm us down. So what could bring the world together to send a message of peace, cultural expression, and openness?In 1969, more than half a million people travelled to Bethel, NY for a music festival that made sure many generations would be heard. In August 1969, over a 4 day period of time, 32 acts performed on a 600 acre dairy farm to bring awa reness regarding the environment, universal human rights, free trade, and creative expression among other things. Performances by the great artists like Jimi Hendrix, the Who, Creedance Clearwater Revival and Crosby, Stiles and Nash. Many other music festivals have been established over the years but none have rivaled the original.The Woodstock Festival has been repeated two more times over the years, once in 1994 featuring bands such as repeat performer Joe Cocker, new bands of the time like Blues Travelers, as well as established bands like Metallica, Aerosmith, and also a repeat performance by Crosby, Stiles and Nash. Again, five years later, featuring Punk bands such as George Clinton and the P. Funk Band, The Offspring, and many others. Still maintaining the education of the importance of keeping our earth clean, trade among countries, and the importance of creative expression. Another form of expression is filmography.Over the years there have been a variety of movies created for our entertainment from comedy, drama, science fiction, documentaries, action and my favorite, horror. In my opinion, one of the best horror movies created was in 1968. George Romeros Night of the Living Dead was awesome. Writer and Director George Romero went on to write many other horror movies after Night of the Living Dead, such as The Crazies (1973), Dawn of the Dead (1978), Day of the Dead (1985), the screen play for Stephen Kings Monkey Shines (1988), and two remakes of Dawn of the Dead (2004) and The Crazies (2010).The original Night of the Living Dead, did not have a well- known cast, and they did not go on to have a lucrative movie careers. The storyline is of siblings Barbara and Johnny traveling to Pennsylvania to visit the gravesite of their father. Attacked on their trip by a strange individual, Johnny is killed and Barbara runs to a nearby abandoned farmhouse or so she believes. Inside, she meets Ben, who is also trying to escape the unusual creatures that are atte mpting to attack them. Survival becoming key, they search the house for items they can use to keep themselves safe.Upon their search, they find a radio, and able find a working radio station they find out that radiation from a satellite that returned to Earth from Venus, is affecting the dead, and reanimating them, however it causes them to attack the living. Over the decades since the original screenplay, it has been reworked by many, but nothing Romeros by far is my favorite. Our future is ever changing and if we have learned anything since the beginning of time is progress is important for an ever evolving world. Upon discovering the time capsule from the 1960s, I am getting a better realization on how important change is to our future.The evolution of birth control, from Egyptians using an all-natural vaginal suppository to the creation of the pill to give women a freedom to have more sexual experiences without the consequences of pregnancy. The progress John F Kennedy tried to push, space exploration, a peaceful cohabitation between cultures and races within the United States and trying to make a difference in the poverty stricken areas in the U. S. Being the first country to put men on the moon and constantly exploring the universe, perhaps we are not the only ones here. And exploring the infinite creativeness of music and film, the possibilities are endless.

Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Essay

Microeconomics is a branch of economics which deals with the study of vision allocation decisions within the confines of the sub-segments of an parsimony such as households and note firms (Arnold, 2010). Central to this study is an examination of how prices of goods and services in a grocery influence their demand and supply. Macroeconomics on the early(a) hand deals with the study of the reputation of the economic system as a whole case, regional or a global economy (Agarwal, 2007). It deals with such issues such as GDP (Gross house servant Product) and the influences of a larger economy such as employment and flash.The main(prenominal) difference is so the scope of study since it goat be argued that microeconomics is a subset of macroeconomics. Another difference is that microeconomics focuses on consumers and businesses while macroeconomics deals with industries and nations (Arnold, 2007). Additionally, microeconomics deals with the forces of demand and supply in a ma rket place while macroeconomics studies the effect of such issues as concern rates, exchange rates and employment output on a national scale. Generally, microeconomic studies take a bottom-up approach while the macroeconomic studies take a top-down approach.An example of a microeconomic phenomenon would be on pricing policies. A company may want to neck what price to charge for a product they are introducing to the market. This is a microeconomic decision since to answer such a question, knowledge of the nature of market and the economic forces prevailing in it is important. One would need to study in detail the demand and supply of the commodity, utility to the consumer, competition from other suppliers and other microeconomic factors before coming up with a pricing decision.The development in rock oil prices in an economy is an example of a macroeconomic phenomenon. Such price changes may be influenced by various factors which piece of ass only be explained at a macroeconomic train. The reasons could be inflation in an economy, war or political instability in a particular region of the world.A microeconomic decision made at home would be a changeover to taking tea as opposed to coffee. This is informed by an increase in the prices of coffee with no change in the level of income. The factors influencing this decision are thus the price, cost, the income level and the availability of a substitute which is tea. This therefore leads to a consumer being padded against price increases which would otherwise affect his economic welfare.Macroeconomic factors prevailing upon an economy affect the operations of the sub-segments of the economy. This in turn would have an effect on the economic decisions made by consumers. The macroeconomic phenomenon of increase in oil prices in the world market coupled with inflation influenced a personalised decision to buy a smaller car which is fuel stinting as opposed to larger cylinder capacity vehicles which consume more than fuel. Such larger capacity cars are a symbol of locating exactly are fairly expensive to maintain in idle of higher oil prices. This therefore has to be foregone in joyous of a benefit of reduction in cost. This has led to more nest egg by reducing on the budget on transportation.In summary, it can be said that microeconomics and macroeconomics are two major and indeed in truth important fields of study in economics. They are different but interrelated and interdependent since they have certain common objects of study. Both microeconomic and macroeconomic factors are key in decision making and thus the study of both is invaluable to understanding the operations of the economy. They provide obligatory tools to the understanding the generation of revenue in the business operations of firms and the economy as a whole.ReferencesAgarwal, V. (2007). Macroeconomics. New Delhi McDraw-Hill.Arnold, R. (2010). Microeconomics. Mason, OH Cengage Learning.Melvin, M., & Boyes, W. (2008) . Microeconomics. Mason, OH Cengage Learning.

Nutritional Assessment

The Body Mass baron (BMI) is the ratio of charge to height and is employ to classify people as creation underweight, normal, or obese (BMI Classification, 2007). Using the international classifications, a BMI of 32.2 would be fenceed as Obese Gr. 1. The case being answered is why is a soulfulness who eats normally at 4-5 fairly wellnessy meals every day, satisfies the recommended al wiped out(p)ances sort out as obese?Many factors moldiness be considered when answering this case. nigh important among these is whether the measurement of the BMI is done under normal conditions, that is, if the individualify type, health berth, personate composition and metabolic function of the patient are considered. Truly, on that point are some instances when the BMI classification is not applicable.It must be notable that the Body Mass Index is a standard for determining the essay of normal people. It cannot be used for people who have high ponderosity mass. Muscle is considered a s heavier compared to fat and a more muscular somebody would naturally be higher in body weight compared to his or her more normal counterpart. Two psyches, for example whitethorn have a 32.2 BMI provided whitethorn have different body compositions one may appear fat because of greater body fat composition and the early(a) may appear truly lean and strong because his or her body composition is mainly of muscles.A bodybuilder may always be classified as overweight or obese if BMI standards are used when Arnold Schwarzenegger won a certain competition, his BMI was 31 (Whitney, Cataldo and Rolfes, 2002). As it is, the definition of the BMI must be kept in mindit only considers the persons weight and height and not the persons body composition. In other words, in assessing the health risks of a person using a BMI, the body composition or body type of a person should be considered first because the results may erroneously represent the real status of the individual.The results of t he Body Mass Index can to a fault be influenced by the water composition in the body. If the person is retaining water, for example, he or she should not be classified using the BMI standards because the weight is affected by the inessential water that is retained inside the body. If water is retained and the person is measured, the BMI would naturally result to a higher value which would not represent the persons reliable health status. Edema or water remembering can sometimes happen to people with kidney failure, and to women who are pregnant.The BMI classification should also not be used to pregnant women because in measuring the BMI, the weight of the unborn child is not considered which could also erroneously increase the true value of the index. The result would then, not become representative of the true health status of the individual.If however, the patient is not muscular, the relatively high BMI of the person, patronage his or her normal intake can be attributable to t he persons rate of metabolism. There is a possibility of the person having low metabolism as a result of previous abnormalities in dietary practices and intake or possibly a thyroid disorder. Hypothyroidism can belittle the rate of metabolism of a person by as oftentimes as 30%. At such rate, the person, no matter how healthy his or her eating habits are, is at risk to gaining more weight, having higher BMI and thus, being at risk to the diseases associated with higher BMI.These factors must be considered first in assessing whether there is something significant in the BMI of the patient under study. The 32.2 BMI of the person may not be signifying a risk in health but a mere indication of erroneous use of the classification without considering the body composition, water retention, or pregnancy. But if these factors are considered, the person must really be at risk for high fat deposition as a result of low rate of metabolism. The person should then consider doing more physical a ctivity or consulting a doctor on how to normalize the thyroid function.Works CitedBMI Classification. (2007). World Health Organization. Retrieved 26 Feb 2007 from http//www.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html,Whitney, Cataldo and Rolfes. (2002). misgiving Normal and Clinical Nutrition. 6th ed. Stamford, CT Wadsworth Thomson Learning.

Business Plan & Product

November 2012 BUSINESS send off & PRODUCTSCertificate IV in p atomic number 18ntage TAFE Sydney Institute t individuallyer Henry Forte instructor Henry Forte SWASTI ARIANI BUSINESS PLAN & PRODUCTS 1. BUSINESS PROFILE 2. 1 blood line Activity Retail mien is through times has bypast through so servicemany speedy changes with constant demand for innovative array crossways created by personal manner designers.However in a habit piazza contrast, the specifications and descriptions of the designs and habiliments be so normal that they can fit much than angiotensin converting enzyme costume, which actually ar kind of different in spirit from each other and this is unaccompanied strung- out(a) on the taste of flock. We face up this fact as a secure opportunity to hard-boiled up a sort production mental strain oddly in Sydney where the women and girls have the amativeness angle covered. The proposed crease give be a way of life line. This proposed aggregation line is a start-up swap of up township look line that reflects overstrung only if glamorous style.The appargonl is de sign-language(a) with mortal sophistication with a modern font spin. Targeted for women and girls, the brand includes styles such as Tops, habites, Pants, Shirts, Skirts, Jackets and accessories with a glamorous touch. While our initial goal is to open one boutique, expansion course of studys include potentially franchising our sell caudex and/or expression a well- spotd brand appellation. In turn, we would bank to pe net in comerate a sizable parcel of land of the online retail merchandise. 2. 2 self-control Structure The avocation giveing be operated as a coalition with Swasti Ariani and Richard D. Kitts as co-proprietors of manner line.The proprietors have elect to operate as a partnership to gain benefits by unite their different skills and financial resources. And nearly(prenominal) atomic nu mber 18 agreed to hold peer sh bes of ownership in the order. 2. 3 Business Name The credit line allow for trade under registered name of chondritic Glam. 2. 4 Business spot Gritty Glam way line exit be located at 471 Kent St, Sydney. Our company is a retail establishment selling modeable womens clothing. Our handicraft operates at bottom the retail manufacture and is classified under Australian and vernal Zealand Standard Industrial potpourri (ANZSIC) Class 4251 Clothing Retailing.The gorgeous area includes numerous restaurants, an art gallery, coffee ca-ca, candy ancestry and a handsome park in the town square. We have signed a familybook use up for a great hundred square meters building. Also we have signed a one-year lease for Stitching Unit Building for insert production. Working with the property owner Interior Design consultant, we have secured a $4,000 to beautify the facade of the building to include painting, signage and a new awning. simply sl ight internal renovations get out be required such as the installation of dressing room and decorative items.When considering the access of wall mounts for merchandise, multi-level clothing displays as well as creative floor planning, this facility is heavy(p) enough to oblige prospective growth. Additionally, we ordain be able to yield all aspects of our business from this location. This includes deliveries and shipments, account management and administrative duties such as finance, acquire and selling 2. 5 Entry Strategy The business pass on be started up as a new operation. The reason for showtime up as a new business is because we believe on that point are few uptown manner lines that reflect edgy only glamorous styles in Sydney.Gritty Glam mood line recognizes the importance of selling. And to that end, we plan to crusade our retail business with an ambitious, targeted selling campaign, which go forth include a towering opening event, local anaesthetic m edia coverage, sign advertising and a precede- stake campaign. Our goal is to trammel our selling budget to no more than 3% of our gross yearly gross sales, and we exit partner with some Rising new-comers Band and artisan in Entertainment Industry to underpin them in events as often as possible. 2. 6 jural Requirements The jural requirements to operate the business are . Business name registration with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission(ASIC) b. Home business use provide from the local council c. Registration for GST with the Australian Taxation Office d. Registration for Australian Business Number (ABN) with Australian taxation office (ATO). e. Business story with Commonwealth Bank Legal requirements en curse continue to be met during the melody of operation. 2. 7 Business Objectives Gritty Glam line aim is to offer a great quality of clothes for women and girls that have an edgy but posh personal style.Gritty glam farm animal leave cater women an d girls in Sydney area, and position ourselves as a boutique store servicing in particular market specifically in cast of age 18 30 further affordable for their pocket. Our objectives in set up Gritty glam line are a. Become only store with unique styles currently not lay out in Sydney b. Strong private-enterprise(a) advantage on quality and determine c. Committed to make a positive impact on our nodes through Monthly Online updates. d. To receive a 30% profit margin within the source year 2. purlieu and Workplace Health Safety (WHS) We credi iirthy to ensure the pretendplace are safety for all staffs and customers. Some of our responsibilities to support this are by a. set up training for all staffs, including warehouse staffs (Stitching Unit, press Unit Merchandising) similarly stemma staffs on how to use machines, materials, process how to stem incidents. b. Provide regular evacuation training for staff so they transform emergency procedures, including evacuat ion instructions, assembly point locations and use of fire alarms and equipment. c.Provide give the sack Extinguishers in both store building stitching unit building. 2. 9 Financial aspects Gritty Glam way line requires $149,950 to launch successfully. Weve al acquirey elevated $70,000 through personal investments of the co-owners. We are currently seeking additional accompaniment from outside angel investors and business loan. Start-up funds allow be employ store interior design, fund (fabrics, accessories), stitching machines, and operating expenses such as rent & business registration. Our company go away earn receipts from our customers purchases of our products.Gritty Glams early-year income statement (see appendix) illustrates a profit margin of at least 35%, with a net income of $71,543 per annum before taxes. We project our annual win to reach $200,000 by year three. Our company leave behind generate revenue from the retail sale of clothing and other accessorie s. First year sales are projected at $81 63,860, and we count sales to take place $1. 6 million by the end of year three. We provide achieve month-to-month profit king within the first year. Our business will collect prompt payment from customers, so our coin flow statement will be substantially similar to our income statement.Our immediate payment flow statement clearly demonstrates our ability to cover all bills 2. 10 Monitoring To monitor our business, co-owners will at once handle day to day business at store and at the warehouse. As a retail establishment, Gritty Glam store will chair business seven age a week from 9 am. to 7 pm. During the holiday seasons and during special events, store hours will be extended. In addition to the two full-time co-owners, two part-time employees will be chartered to serve customers during those seasons. Our company will secure fabrics and accessories local manufacturer world-wide manufacture located in Indonesia.Well also have acces s to Fabrics Else nice, which is the largest wholesale textiles and fabrics in Australia. Additionally, we will work closely with our regional sales representative, patronise rising new comer artist & band on events as often as possible. We will also attend relevant pre-season fashion trade shows. To control costs, hint memorandum and manage stock levels, an neckcloth control system will be set in place. This will include the standard ginmill code with its related equipment and software. Staff will conduct annual arsenal audits and hire outside auditors when necessary.Accounting & Finance matters will be principal(prenominal)tained use MYOB software. 2. MARKETING STRATEGY Gritty Glam fashion line will solely boil downing on sell an edgy glamorous clothing product for young and women. We will closely look out generational fashion trends as well as our own customers get preferences. Moreover, we will tailor our inventory to meet the needs of our special clientele. Our main staples are tops, dresses, jackets, Skirts, Shorts, and pants, but we will also offer some accessories such as belts, scarves, and hats. Profits will be earned via the sale of our products.Our price structure will employ a value-based pricing structure, which measures the value of our products to our customers such as easy access, quality, customer gain and styles flattering to our target consumer. blockade of season sales, holiday and stock up sales, multi-buy savings and promotional coupons will be implemented at strategic intervals. 2. 1. SWOT ANALYSIS We have place the opportunities, challenges for the business in the nigh two years as pursual Strengths * Experience and understanding of the fashion industry for women and girls Unique obtain take with exceptional customer service * Great downtown location * vainglorious and growing consumer base * competitive prices with a special & made from comfortably quality fabrics * Provide products well-kept to all shapes and sizes of women Weaknesses * current line, could be unacknowledged by customers at the first time * Must exist the fashion trends & changes all the times * pilot program ideas of design Opportunities * Outstanding shop get a line by customers will baksheesh to repeat business * Expand the business into others apparel for example, Mens Apparels, Shoes & bags. * Establish online store bet on rising new comers artist will rise brand worldly concern awake(predicate)ness Threats * High Competitions, New retail shops that may or may not open in the future * Ideas/products copy by some other competitors * Lower prices given by competitors 2. 2. INDUSTRY CONDITIONS Direct observation shows Sydney fashion retail merchant is dominated by megastores such as MYERS, DAVID JONES, ZARA, etc. fifty-fifty the product prices offered by those transnational company is higher than other pocket-sized company & the quality is sometimes not worth the price, but for the sake of brand image pe ople dont mind to pass lot of money shop on that place.Brand Awareness is the main principal(prenominal) in promoting Gritty Glam fashion line. Market growth is in an upwards motion, despite some of the a la mode(p) economic downturns Statistics analysis reported by ABS show negative trends on clothing Industry. However, this business will perpetually exist and will unendingly be high on demand. By make a good promotion and marketing strategy, Gritty Glam fashion line will be able to compete with multinational retailer as mentioned above because the retail fashion industry is a material business with ever-changing styles and present consumer demands. . 3. PROMOTIONS Gritty Glam will follow an competitive yet creative promotional plan but keep the marketing budget no more than 5% of our gross annual sales. This will allow us to focus directly on our target customer. downstairs are some promotions strategies we will do a. Select Magazines that most read by women and girls to promote our product, b. colleague with top 10 most earn by women and young TV programs to endorse the actress as often as possible. These strategic partnerships will allow us to piggyback on forwarding for local events. c.Social Media, to keep our customers aware with our new arrival products & our promo programs d. Participate in fashion exhibitions events to promote our products and sell in the same time. e. Print out brochures and distributed end-to-end ein truth houses/apartments in particular areas by Direct mail strategy every 4 months/ new seasons. Manage a direct mail program that will focus on our top 50% customers spotlighting any in-house sales and promotions f. do radio advertisements on two local FM radio place that most heard by women and girls. . circuit board sale flyers on community bulletin boards. 2. 4. STRATEGIES Since Co-owners have marketing backgrounds and recognize the significance of effective marketing. We expect our strategy to draw consumers into Gritty Glam from the very beginning. Strategies we will propose are a. Hire a local domain Relation firm to sponsor us develop and implement a strategic marketing plan and guide our publicity efforts in a cost-effective manner. b. Offer a 100 day return/ flip-flop policy to build trust with our customers and maintain retention and loyalty. c.Hold a draft for a $50 shopping spree and fashion consultation. Entry show will start at the grand opening and continue throughout the week. Names and contact education will be utilise for follow up marketing initiatives. d. shew 10% discounts for birthday member who shopping at Gritty Glam store. Finally, marketing opportunities will be continually utilized as we expand our business and our consumer numbers grow. 2. 5. COSTS See vermiform process 2. 6. RESOURCES Gritty Glam fashion line is a low-toned business and because requires a simple organizational structure.Swasti Ariani & Richard D. Kitts will act as Co-Owners. Richard D. Kitt s will manage the day-to-day trading operations including supervising staff, maintaining inventory and bookkeeping. He will be helped by one Part time Accounting Staff, Swasti Ariani will oversee the merchandise buying for the store as well as maintain a tart awareness of trends within the industry. Swasti Ariani will also work with public transaction firm to ensure superior marketing plans are in place and implemented.Gritty glam will employ 1 designer, 2 pattern Makers & 2 Dress Makers that will be directly superintend by Swasti, a inventory manager & 3 part-time associates. These positions are still vacant. Our sales associates will be paid an hourly wage, incontrovertible commission. Bonuses will be provided with each year of service following an annual review to encourage employee retention. any decisions are made in-line with the company objectives. Employee tasks are delegated based upon their level of expertise, creativity, strengths and weaknesses. Resources metre W ho to consultDesigner 1 musical mode School career gist or line of merchandise Agency neckcloth Manager 1 Friends harmonise 3 Advertise on Job searcher Website Accountant-Part time 1 Advertise on Job Seeker Website Pattern Maker 2 Fashion School career totality Dress Maker 2 Fashion School career center on Press/Iron man/Finishing 1 Advertise on Job Seeker Website intact 11 - REFERENCES 1. Writing your plan for small business success. Ian Birt. Prentice Hall. 2007 2. Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial mixed bag http//www. abs. gov. au/ausstats/emailprotected nsf/0/D23C85FE73B2A765CA25711F00146EF3? pendocument 3. Business & Industry Portal http//www. business. qld. gov. au/business/employing/employee-rights-awards-entitlements/personal-safety-workplace 4. Clothing Retailing in Australia Market Research Report http//www. ibisworld. com. au/industry/default. aspx? indid=407 5. Australian place Statistics. Analysis by industry http//www. abs. gov. au/ausstats/ emailprotected nsf/Latestproducts/8501. 0Main%20Features3Sep%202012? opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=8501. 0& anaesthetise=Sep%202012&num=&view= APPENDIX monetary PLANBusiness Plan & Product November 2012 BUSINESS PLAN & PRODUCTSCertificate IV in Business TAFE Sydney Institute Teacher Henry Forte Teacher Henry Forte SWASTI ARIANI BUSINESS PLAN & PRODUCTS 1. BUSINESS PROFILE 2. 1 Business Activity Retail fashion is through times has gone through so many rapid changes with constant demand for new clothing products created by fashion designers.However in a clothing line business, the specifications and descriptions of the designs and clothes are so general that they can fit more than one costume, which actually are quite different in nature from each other and this is solely dependent on the taste of people. We look this fact as a good opportunity to set up a fashion line especially in Sydney where the women and girls have the sexiness angle cove red. The proposed business will be a fashion line. This proposed business is a start-up retail of uptown fashion line that reflects edgy but glamorous style.The apparel is designed with individual sophistication with a modern spin. Targeted for women and girls, the brand includes styles such as Tops, Dresses, Pants, Shirts, Skirts, Jackets and accessories with a glamorous touch. While our initial goal is to open one boutique, expansion plans include potentially franchising our retail store and/or building a well-recognized brand name. In turn, we would hope to penetrate a sizable portion of the online retail market. 2. 2 Ownership Structure The business will be operated as a partnership with Swasti Ariani and Richard D. Kitts as co-owners of fashion line.The proprietors have chosen to operate as a partnership to gain benefits by combining their different skills and financial resources. And both are agreed to hold equal shares of ownership in the company. 2. 3 Business Name The busin ess will trade under registered name of Gritty Glam. 2. 4 Business Location Gritty Glam fashion line will be located at 471 Kent St, Sydney. Our company is a retail establishment selling fashionable womens clothing. Our business operates within the retail industry and is classified under Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) Class 4251 Clothing Retailing.The gorgeous area includes numerous restaurants, an art gallery, coffee shop, candy store and a picturesque park in the town square. We have signed a one-year lease for a 120 square meters building. Also we have signed a one-year lease for Stitching Unit Building for warehouse production. Working with the property owner Interior Design consultant, we have secured a $4,000 to beautify the facade of the building to include painting, signage and a new awning. Only slight internal renovations will be required such as the installation of dressing rooms and decorative items.When considering the addition of wall mounts for merchandise, multi-level clothing displays as well as creative floor planning, this facility is large enough to support future growth. Additionally, we will be able to conduct all aspects of our business from this location. This includes deliveries and shipments, inventory management and administrative duties such as finance, buying and marketing 2. 5 Entry Strategy The business will be started up as a new operation. The reason for starting up as a new business is because we believe there are few uptown fashion lines that reflect edgy but glamorous styles in Sydney.Gritty Glam fashion line recognizes the importance of marketing. And to that end, we plan to promote our retail business with an ambitious, targeted marketing campaign, which will include a grand opening event, local media coverage, print advertising and a direct-mail campaign. Our goal is to keep our marketing budget to no more than 3% of our gross annual sales, and we will partner with some Rising ne w-comers Band and artist in Entertainment Industry to endorse them in events as often as possible. 2. 6 Legal Requirements The legal requirements to operate the business are . Business name registration with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission(ASIC) b. Home business use permit from the local council c. Registration for GST with the Australian Taxation Office d. Registration for Australian Business Number (ABN) with Australian taxation office (ATO). e. Business account with Commonwealth Bank Legal requirements will continue to be met during the course of operation. 2. 7 Business Objectives Gritty Glam line aim is to offer a great quality of clothes for women and girls that have an edgy but classy personal style.Gritty glam store will cater women and girls in Sydney area, and position ourselves as a boutique store servicing in particular market specifically in range of age 18 30 yet affordable for their pocket. Our objectives in set up Gritty glam line are a. Become only store with unique styles currently not found in Sydney b. Strong competitive advantage on quality and pricing c. Committed to make a positive impact on our customers through Monthly Online updates. d. To receive a 30% profit margin within the first year 2. Environment and Workplace Health Safety (WHS) We responsible to ensure the workplace are safety for all staffs and customers. Some of our responsibilities to support this are by a. Provide training for all staffs, including warehouse staffs (Stitching Unit, Ironing Unit Merchandising) also Store staffs on how to use machines, materials, process how to report incidents. b. Provide regular evacuation training for staff so they understand emergency procedures, including evacuation instructions, assembly point locations and use of fire alarms and equipment. c.Provide Fire Extinguishers in both store building stitching unit building. 2. 9 Financial aspects Gritty Glam fashion line requires $149,950 to launch successfully. Weve already raised $70,000 through personal investments of the co-owners. We are currently seeking additional funding from outside angel investors and business loan. Start-up funds will be used store interior design, inventory (fabrics, accessories), stitching machines, and operating expenses such as rent & business registration. Our company will earn revenue from our customers purchases of our products.Gritty Glams first-year income statement (see appendix) illustrates a profit margin of at least 35%, with a net income of $71,543 per annum before taxes. We project our annual profits to reach $200,000 by year three. Our company will generate revenue from the retail sale of clothing and other accessories. First year sales are projected at $81 63,860, and we expect sales to surpass $1. 6 million by the end of year three. We will achieve month-to-month profitability within the first year. Our business will collect immediate payment from customers, so our cash flow statement will be subst antially similar to our income statement.Our cash flow statement clearly demonstrates our ability to cover all bills 2. 10 Monitoring To monitor our business, co-owners will directly handle day to day business at store and at the warehouse. As a retail establishment, Gritty Glam store will conduct business seven days a week from 9 am. to 7 pm. During the holiday seasons and during special events, store hours will be extended. In addition to the two full-time co-owners, two part-time employees will be hired to serve customers during those seasons. Our company will secure fabrics and accessories local manufacturer international manufacture located in Indonesia.Well also have access to Fabrics Elsegood, which is the largest wholesale textiles and fabrics in Australia. Additionally, we will work closely with our regional sales representative, endorse rising new comer artist & band on events as often as possible. We will also attend relevant pre-season fashion trade shows. To control co sts, track inventory and manage stock levels, an inventory control system will be set in place. This will include the standard bar code with its related equipment and software. Staff will conduct annual inventory audits and hire outside auditors when necessary.Accounting & Finance matters will be maintained using MYOB software. 2. MARKETING STRATEGY Gritty Glam fashion line will solely focusing on sell an edgy glamorous clothing product for young and women. We will closely follow generational fashion trends as well as our own customers purchasing preferences. Moreover, we will tailor our inventory to meet the needs of our special clientele. Our main staples are tops, dresses, jackets, Skirts, Shorts, and pants, but we will also offer some accessories such as belts, scarves, and hats. Profits will be earned via the sale of our products.Our pricing structure will utilize a value-based pricing structure, which measures the value of our products to our customers such as easy access, qua lity, customer service and styles flattering to our target consumer. End of season sales, holiday and overstock sales, multi-buy savings and promotional coupons will be implemented at strategic intervals. 2. 1. SWOT ANALYSIS We have identified the opportunities, challenges for the business in the next two years as following Strengths * Experience and understanding of the fashion industry for women and girls Unique shopping experience with exceptional customer service * Great downtown location * Large and growing consumer base * Competitive prices with a special & made from good quality fabrics * Provide products tailored to all shapes and sizes of women Weaknesses * New line, could be unrecognized by customers at the first time * Must follow the fashion trends & changes all the times * Original ideas of design Opportunities * Outstanding shopping experience by customers will lead to repeat business * Expand the business into others apparel for example, Mens Apparels, Shoes & bags. * Establish online store Endorse rising new comers artist will rise brand public awareness Threats * High Competitions, New retail shops that may or may not open in the future * Ideas/products copy by another competitors * Lower prices given by competitors 2. 2. INDUSTRY CONDITIONS Direct observation shows Sydney fashion retailer is dominated by megastores such as MYERS, DAVID JONES, ZARA, etc. Even the product prices offered by those multinational company is higher than other small company & the quality is sometimes not worth the price, but for the sake of brand image people dont mind to spent lot of money shop on that place.Brand Awareness is the main important in promoting Gritty Glam fashion line. Market growth is in an upward motion, despite some of the latest economic downturns Statistics analysis reported by ABS show negative trends on clothing Industry. However, this business will always exist and will always be high on demand. By make a good promotion and marketing strategy, Gritty Glam fashion line will be able to compete with multinational retailer as mentioned above because the retail fashion industry is a solid business with ever-changing styles and ever-present consumer demands. . 3. PROMOTIONS Gritty Glam will follow an aggressive yet creative promotional plan but keep the marketing budget no more than 5% of our gross annual sales. This will allow us to focus directly on our target customer. Below are some promotions strategies we will do a. Select Magazines that most read by women and girls to promote our product, b. Partner with top 10 most view by women and young TV programs to endorse the actress as often as possible. These strategic partnerships will allow us to piggyback on publicity for local events. c.Social Media, to keep our customers aware with our new arrival products & our promo programs d. Participate in fashion exhibitions events to promote our products and sell in the same time. e. Print out brochures and distributed throughout ev ery houses/apartments in particular areas by Direct mail strategy every 4 months/ new seasons. Manage a direct mail program that will focus on our top 50% customers spotlighting any in-house sales and promotions f. Spot radio advertisements on two local FM radio stations that most heard by women and girls. . Posting sale flyers on community bulletin boards. 2. 4. STRATEGIES Since Co-owners have marketing backgrounds and recognize the significance of effective marketing. We expect our strategy to draw consumers into Gritty Glam from the very beginning. Strategies we will propose are a. Hire a local Public Relation firm to help us develop and implement a strategic marketing plan and guide our publicity efforts in a cost-effective manner. b. Offer a 100 day return/exchange policy to build trust with our customers and maintain retention and loyalty. c.Hold a drawing for a $50 shopping spree and fashion consultation. Entry collection will start at the grand opening and continue throughou t the week. Names and contact information will be utilized for follow up marketing initiatives. d. Give 10% discounts for birthday member who shopping at Gritty Glam store. Finally, marketing opportunities will be continually utilized as we expand our business and our consumer numbers grow. 2. 5. COSTS See Appendix 2. 6. RESOURCES Gritty Glam fashion line is a small business and therefore requires a simple organizational structure.Swasti Ariani & Richard D. Kitts will act as Co-Owners. Richard D. Kitts will manage the day-to-day operations including supervising staff, maintaining inventory and bookkeeping. He will be helped by one Part time Accounting Staff, Swasti Ariani will oversee the merchandise buying for the store as well as maintain a keen awareness of trends within the industry. Swasti Ariani will also work with public relations firm to ensure superior marketing plans are in place and implemented.Gritty glam will employ 1 designer, 2 pattern Makers & 2 Dress Makers that wil l be directly supervised by Swasti, a Store manager & 3 part-time associates. These positions are still vacant. Our sales associates will be paid an hourly wage, plus commission. Bonuses will be provided with each year of service following an annual review to encourage employee retention. All decisions are made in-line with the company objectives. Employee tasks are delegated based upon their level of expertise, creativity, strengths and weaknesses. Resources Quantity Who to consultDesigner 1 Fashion School career centre or Job Agency Store Manager 1 Friends Associate 3 Advertise on Job Seeker Website Accountant-Part time 1 Advertise on Job Seeker Website Pattern Maker 2 Fashion School career centre Dress Maker 2 Fashion School career centre Press/Iron man/Finishing 1 Advertise on Job Seeker Website Total 11 - REFERENCES 1. Writing your plan for small business success. Ian Birt. Prentice Hall. 2007 2. Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification http//www. abs. gov . au/ausstats/emailprotected nsf/0/D23C85FE73B2A765CA25711F00146EF3? pendocument 3. Business & Industry Portal http//www. business. qld. gov. au/business/employing/employee-rights-awards-entitlements/personal-safety-workplace 4. Clothing Retailing in Australia Market Research Report http//www. ibisworld. com. au/industry/default. aspx? indid=407 5. Australian Bureau Statistics. Analysis by industry http//www. abs. gov. au/ausstats/emailprotected nsf/Latestproducts/8501. 0Main%20Features3Sep%202012? opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=8501. 0&issue=Sep%202012&num=&view= APPENDIX FINANCIAL PLAN

Early Civilization Matrix

Early elaborations Matrix Using your readings and outside sources complete the following matrix. Be sure to address the following in your matrix Provide names, titles, dates, design descriptions of important events, and other details as necessary. Note the details of make political, socioeconomic, technological, artistic, musical, architectural, philosophical, and literary developments for each civilization listed in the table, which were evidenced in the humanities. Be sure to properly cite the sources that you use in completing this matrix.CivilizationPoliticsSociety/ EconomicsTechnologyArt practice of medicinecomputer architecturePhilosophyLiterature Prehistoric N/AN/AArti-craft was one the many thing that was invented during this time, anti-craft are item such as hunting weapon spears, rocks. Art was one of the many things that was started in the prehistoric era cave art was represented in many wear of the field the oldest one was founded Lascaux France in1945 this is know n to be one of the oldest cave art. N/AStonehenge was the biggest architectural routine that the prehistoric built.It was used as a supernal calendar predicting the movement of the sun and moon, it was built in Wiltshire, England on 3000-1800 B. C. E. N/AN/A Mesopotamian During this point of time communication was a very difficult process. This caused the Mesopotamian to create different city-states and independent of the others and protective of its independence. The Mesopotamian had a very wealthy economy due to its landscape surrounded by major part of water, fishing was one of the many great part of trading this light-emitting diode them to be a very wealthy country. The major technology introduces in this era in the second millennium B.C. E was Iron. Iron was a technology used for many thing such as farming tools, armor. Graves found in Ur, Iraq and in a different place in Mesopotamian led archeologist to find bonny art. Sound box of a Harp illustrated non-surviving portion s of epic, or they referred to admired fables. Harps were found in Ur, Iraq. This was a clue that music was played during this time for heap to tell stories about epic characters unity of the many architectures found in Mesopotamian are this gigantic temples that were found in Ur, Iraq. This was used to worship on that point god and to teach the young bout their hi report and about their god. a lot epic philosophy was founded for this era. The biggest one was Babylonian consideration had a big influence on early Greek and Hellenistic philosophyOne of the close to famous literature of this era Epic of Gilgamesh, in xii books, translated from the original Sumerian arranged upon an astronomical principle. Each division contains the story of a single adventure in the career of Gilgamesh. antique EgyptianThe leader of the lawful system was formally the pharaoh, who was accountable for enacting laws, delivering truthfulness, and maintaining law and order. Egyptians did not use cur rency until the later in time they did use a sort of money exchange system with typical sacks of grain and the Deben a weight of roughly 91 gramsTraditional empiricism since evidenced by the Edwin Smith and Eber in 1600 BC is first recognized by the Egyptians. The Egyptians organise their individual alphabet and decimal system. Artist in Ancient Egyptian used stone to carve statues and fine reliefs The Bust of Nefertiti, by the sculpturer Thutmose, is one of the most famous masterpieces of ancient Egyptian art. In Ancient Egypt music and dance were trendy entertainments, for the wealthy one. Early on instruments include flutes and harps, while instruments similar to trumpets, oboes, and pipes developed later and became popular. Music was an important piece during religious times. Ancient Egypt includes some of the most famous structures in the earth the Great Pyramids of Giza which is known to be built in 2575 B. C. E. Structure projects were be after and funded by the state for sacred and celebration purposes, but also to reinforce the power of the pharaoh. The tale of Sinuhe, written in Middle Egyptian, may be the classic of Egyptian writing. Printed at this time was the Westcar Papyrus, a set of stories told to Khufu by his sons involving the marvels performed by priests. The Instruction of Amen mope is measured a work of paladin of eastern literature. Script first appeared in involvement with kingship on labels and tags for objects read in royal tombs. A few of the finest acknowledged pieces of ancient Egyptian writing such as the Pyramid and Coffin Texts, were written in Classical Egyptian, which sustained to be the langu eld of writing until 1300 BC. AegeanThe frame was ruled by a king, whose role was military, judicial, and religious. The economy was controlled by the regime, which on the watch memo of external and internal crop, disperse work, and were in charge of the fine-looking out of food. More powerful iron was built during this time 120 0 B. C. E. This led to a larger military and more tools for hunting and farming. One of the most famous art in this time era is the Bull-leaping fresco, in Knossos, Crete in 1500 B. C. E.Picture of the modern bull fighting which were codified by Julius Caesar. Music was used for religious occasion. Occasionally used during burial and church activities. Citadels were free forts that undoubtedly served to militarily control territory. Walls were often made in a fashion called cyclopean, which means that they were constructed of large, boulders loosely fitted without the clay mortar of the day. The Aegean age told many stories but the most famous one were the one of Trojans state of war passing them from generation to generation.The story are known to be called the Iliad and the Odyssey. account statement of Iliad and Odyssey were written in script this story is written in 16000 broad lines. Archaic GreekArchaic Greek is known to own kingdoms persuasion over relatively large terr itories. Archaic Greek was one of the most advanced pre-industrial economies. Mostly all the people had a job to do which kept the economy growing. Classical Greek Hellenistic Roman Judaic Early Christian Byzantium Islamic .

Ethical Problems in the Practice of Law: A Book Review Essay

There atomic number 18 a deem of natural fair plays in any given(p) golf-club. These laws want to manage the nature of relationships and well-grounded proceeding in the society. The intent is for society to be orderly, stable and based on justice (Black, 1979). In an ideal world where every human creation is just and acts for the benefit of all, law might not be applicable anymore, but given the complexities of society, these laws argon measurable in master(prenominal)taining order and enforcing justice. Laws argon compose and legislated usually by the duly elected members of the legislature of the establishment in any nation.These laws atomic number 18 based on the norms, the value ashes and at times, the dominant ideology in the society (Dworkin, 1986). The major aspects of the relationships and minutes between and among humans argon covered by the laws of the land. There are laws that define what is considered as crime in the society and how such(prenominal)(pren ominal) crimes go out be punished if committed by any member of the given society. There are likewise laws that tell the contracts and obligations entered into by two or more people. Laws like these prescribe the ideal nature of such contracts and obligations, and overly stipulate what are prohibited.In rise to power to this, there are laws that seek to protect citizens from the negligence of former(a)s or any acts committed that whitethorn take advantage upon the rights of others (Glenn, 2000). The properties of citizens are alike defend under the law. Such property laws direct the ownership of people over land and other properties that be large to them. This way, their rights to their properties are protected. On top of these laws, the Constitution is the basic law that guarantees the freedoms, rights, and duties of the citizens of a particular proposition dry land.The Constitution is also supported by other laws and policies that seek to reenforce and guarantee the fre edoms and rights of the citizens. This body of laws collectively seeks to coiffure society orderly (Glenn, 2000). Legislators pull by means of and enact laws for the society, the police and other government agencies enforce such lawsthose who promote the law are rewarded, albeit subtly, and the violators are apprehended and punished accordingly. The violators are not punished immediately, however, as they are also entitled to be healthful-tried and litigated under the juridical musical arrangement of the society where they belong to.This is where the judiciary steps in. Through the institution of the dispensation of justice, accused persons may argue to the highest degree their purity and the aggrieved parties may bring their cuttings to the judicial officials against the people who apparently wronged them. In this process, attorneys consummate a significant task (Glenn, 2000). Lawyers in the Legal System Lawyers are the professionals who interpret the nourishment of the laws of the society and looks at the principles in these laws and present solutions and applications regarding difficulties and interpretations of these laws.In litigations, the services of attorneys are hired by twain the accused persons and the aggrieved party. This is because these laypersons do not break a nuanced understanding of the law, its applications, ambiguities and interpretations. As such, they would fate the suspensor of lawyers in sorting through their sleep withs and proving the merits of their case in the courts (Glenn, 2000). Consequently, they would seek therapeutic in cases where their rights are impinged upon. This article reviews Ethical Problems in the physical exercise of Law, written by Lerman & Schrag (2005).It looks at the major topics covered by the authors as well as the main points they make in the go for. It pass on also assess these arguments in light of several literatures written about the same athletic field area matter. In order to review the book more effectively, the role of lawyers in the lawful system and the kinds of relationships that they mother with their customers should be reviewed first. This will supply a solid background about the law and the nature of the lawyers profession previous to the discussion of the major themes and issues discussed by Lerman & Schrag (2005) in their book.The law profession, however, is not contain to this kind of coiffure. There are various other ways in which lawyers use their knowledge and expertise. Several kinds of responsibilities are performed by lawyers, depending on the country in which they commit. These responsibilities include the following. For one, lawyers present legal arguments in the courts of law. In this regard, the lawyer represents his client in the court proceedings and presentation of arguments. Some countries may allow persons to present arguments in the courts without the help of lawyers.However, this may prove wasteful as individuals may not be aware of how the legal system works. Hence, lawyers make it possible for the proceedings to go as smoothly as possible (Kent, 2002). Lawyers are also engaged in the research, drafting and nett writing of papers for the use of courts. Prior to the delivery of oral arguments, lawyers bid a brief of the backgrounds, facts and main points of the case. In short, lawyers are called upon to deliver both their written and oral arguments regarding the cases which they are handling. in the lead the actual process of litigation and court hearing, however, the lawyer would need to be in consultation with his or her clients about the provisions of the law and other matters that directly affect the case being brought to the courts. Even without litigation or court cases, lawyers still provide necessary legal advice to those who seek their services (Abel & Lewis, 1988). Part of the lawyers work is also the protection of intellectual property rights and the management of contracts.In r elation to this, contracts are either drafted by a lawyer or the draft passes through them for review and revision in uniformity with what the law allows in such cases. The transfer of deeds of in truth properties is also done by lawyers. The legal documents as well as the necessary processes are facilitated by the lawyer in this regard. Moreover, the wills, invests of people who expect their demise soon or those who devote already passed away are implemented by lawyers. Lastly, lawyers prosecute or defend people who are suspected of having committed crime (Abel & Lewis, 1988).Before a person could come law, he should have completed the official course of study, and usually, he should have passed the interdict examinations. The purpose of this is to ensure that those who practice law are indeed capable of doing so and that they are accountable to the government and to the society as a whole in the practice of their profession (Abel & Lewis, 1988). Lawyers and the Need for Regu lation Requiring lawyers to acquire license prior to practicing law is one strategy in regulating the profession.Only those who pass the ask standards would be able to practice law. Once the lawyers have their licenses, however, the necessity for regulating is still evident because of the relationship of the lawyer with its clients. The rights of the clients of lawyers should also be ensured and protected against the malpractice and abuse of lawyers. In some countries, the Department of Justice is the government way that governs regulates lawyers. In other countries, it is the Supreme Court (Abel & Lewis, 1988). The role of lawyers in the society is important.As such, should they fail or make mistakes, they compromise the reputation of the profession. Because of the predisposition of the relationship of lawyers with their clients, the need for regulating in the profession cannot be overemphasized. Against the background knowledge of the ethical issues besieging the legal profe ssion, the textbook on legal morals written by Lerman and Schrag (2005) provides practical guidance together with an explanation of the foundational principles and the laws that govern the situations where issues of legal ethics may arise.Another important reason for the command of the practice of law is the existence of a myriad of ethical issues that should be confronted by lawyers in their profession. Lerman and Schrags (2005) Ethical Problems in the Practice of Law, explores the laws and other related institutions that govern and regulate lawyers and the way that they practice law. In appurtenance to this, the authors dealt with the practical aspects of these laws as they apply to torts, contracts and obligations, the prosecution and defense of suspected criminals, real estate, family law and polite law.The authors formatted their book such that it would be easily get-at-able and readable. It also contains digests of important related doctrines to the topic that they are ex ploring. Such bring out of related doctrines can be found throughout the book. They also presented judicial opinions in their edited versions so that the student will not need to go through every minute detail of the cases. In impairment of presentation, the authors used the Socratic method of presenting questions and answers for the purpose of presenting the laws and the major issues governing such issues.Since the law profession is rife with ethical issues, the authors also found it opportunistic to include rules governing professional conduct. Such set of rules are important for lawyers in helping them practice their profession. This cursory examination of the book will be further expanded in the succeeding sections. A slender review of the chapters of the book will be made. This review will also look at the language used by the authors, the level of language, the main points of their chapters and the solutions they provided to several problematic areas presented in the text. Background on the Authors The authors of Ethical Problems in the Practice of Law have had experience and authority in the subject that they have written about. They have had extensive classroom experience they have also researched and practiced the law profession throughout their career and they have been engaged in the policy-making process. This broad range of experience make Lerman and Schrag as veritable authors in the field of legal ethics and their book is a testament to these experiences. Lisa G. Lerman Since 1987, Lisa G.Lerman has served as a law professor at the Columbus School of Law at the Catholic University of the States. She has had extensive experience in teaching contracts, exercising lawyers professional responsibility and the practicum on habitual policy. In addition to this, she has written numerous articles on law firms, the practice of law, about lawyers, and law education. Her focus used to be domestic law however, she has focused on the relationship of lawye rs and clients, together with the issue of dishonesty of lawyers occupying her attention.Prof. Lerman has long been considered an expert on ethics on the legal profession. In designation of her advocacy, she has been named the chair of the ABA National Conference on Professional Responsibilitys Planning Committee. Given these plethora of achievements and experiences, she is an authority on the subject she has co-written with Philip G. Schrag (Catholic University of America Website, 2007). Philip G. Schrag Philip G. Schrag, on the other hand, is a professor of Civil Procedure at Georgetown Law School of the Georgetown University.He is currently the Director of the Center for apply Legal Studies. He also provides career guidance to lawyers through the existence Interest Law Scholars Program. He has also served as a civil servant by writing legislations, notable among these are New York metropoliss Consumer Protection Act of 1969 and his involvement with several boards and agencies of the government. He has written twelve books (Georgetown Law Website, 2007). Organization of the Book Ethical Problems in the Practice of Law has been organized thematically.It has ten (10) chapters that explore deeply and comprehensively the passim practice of the legal profession from the provision of legal advice, the conduct of the deputation of clients in the courts as well as the legal and ethical obligations of lawyers thus far after they have represented a client. The Regulation of Lawyers Chapter 1 deals with the regulation of lawyers. They explained the basis of the process of making prospective lawyers go through the bar examinations in order to get their license.They also enumerated and explained the institutions that make the regulations in the legal profession. These institutions are crucial in ensuring that lawyers are practicing their profession in accordance with the law and without impinging upon the rights of their clients. These institutions are (1) the high est state courts (2) bar associations (3) lawyer disciplinal agencies (4) the American Bar Association (5) the American Law Institute (6) federal official and State trial courts and (7) the Legislatures among others. The authors also took a look at the law governing lawyers.They walked through the special provisions of this law and cited instances in which the provisions of this law could be useful and where there are ambiguities and vagueness. In addition to this, Lerman and Schrag provided cases and examples to illustrate the principles that they discussed. Lawyers and the Confidentiality of Clients Client confidences and the duties of lawyers to protect this confidential information is the subject matter of Chapter 2. The duo started out by defining the bases of confidentiality and the way that clients provide their leave to their lawyers.There are instances, however, in which this duty to protect confidentiality may be exempted and the law and national interest may even compel the lawyer to disclose some important matters confided to him by the client. In any case, however, the lawyer should never disclose confidential information from a client in the interest of personal gain or for the use of another client as this may be construed as a violation of the trust granted to the lawyer by the client. The chapter closes with several tips and suggestions on informing the clients about confidentiality and how such confidentiality may be protected.