Utilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill - 1365 Words

In John Stuart Mill’s book Utilitarianism, he argues for the defense of utilitarianism, an age old theory originally developed by Jeremy Bentham that states the proper course of action is the one that maximizes happiness. The course of action that maximizes general happiness is also the only true standard for moral assessment. Mill also introduces the idea of ‘first principle’ which states that it is not acceptable for individuals to characterize actions as either ‘good’ or ‘bad’, because it is important to find what gives these words their resonance. Opposing Mill’s view of utilitarianism is Bernard Williams. Williams states that a theory that is dependent upon the consequences of individuals actions rather than how a person who constructs those actions feels poses a serous problem. Williams’ argument deplores utilitarianism by exposing simple flaws that utilitarians may have. His thesis argument is that providing a recipe for moral decision; making process that may ultimately lead to the maximum possible utility actually misinterprets the accurate complications and excludes many other factors and consequences such as lack of accountability for one’s integrity. (Online) According to Mill, utilitarianism is a doctrine that states an action is right insofar as it promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct. Happiness according to Mill is â€Å"pleasure and the absence of pain† (55) He states that ones canShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism880 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes hard to define, but with John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism it is a little bit easier. Utilitarianism is an easy one, for the reason that it is defined by the greatest happiness for everyone involved. Sometimes it does not always make everyone content, but if you look at it as a whole it makes sense. Mill says that we have to look at the bigger picture. One person’s happiness affects another’s and so on. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that John Stuart Mill, the philosopher, formulated toRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1372 Words   |  6 PagesAct Utilitarianism is a long standing and well supported philosophical argument that when boiled down to its most basic elements, can be described as creating â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number† (122). Such was the sentiment of John Stuart Mill, one of act utilitarianism’s (also known as just utilitarianism) greatest pioneers, and promoters. Mills believed that his theory of always acting in a way that achieved the greatest net happiness was both superior to other philosophical theories andRead MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill1805 Words   |  8 PagesIn his book Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill presents his exposition and his major defenses of the philosophy of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism, a theory in ethics developed by the philosopher Jeremy Bentham, focuses on a concept of utility that focuses on deciding if actions are morally right or wrong by analyzing the pleasure and pain they cause. In other words, if an action causes primarily pleasure for all parties, then it must be good and right; however, if it causes pain for the parties involvedRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1599 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is a doctrine in normative ethics that is outlined and defended by many philosophers, including the English philosopher John Stuart Mill as a standard to determine what are right and wrong actions. At its most basic claim, the right course of action one must take should be in the interest of maximizing what is known as utility. The right course of action is determined as being right if it maximizes the total benefit and happiness gained, while at the same time reducing the greatestRead MoreThe Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill984 Words   |  4 PagesDecriminalize Drug use Utilitarianism as an example of consequentialism is a moral theory generally considered to have started in the late eighteenth century. In the book Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill he defined the ethical theory stating that â€Å"†¦actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness†(7). The idea behind the theory is that people seek happiness, and that the ultimate goal of all human beings is to be happy.Read MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill854 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Stuart Mill, among other things, was an English philosopher and economist who lived from 1806 to 1873. Mill grew up being immersed in the principles of utilitarianism. Mill’s essay on utilitarianism, titled Utilitarianism, was written to debunk misconceptions of and to provide support for the ideology. Mill’s essay and argument span five chapters, where his discussions range from definitions, misconceptions, re wards, methods, and validity. Utilitarianism is generally held to be the view thatRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism983 Words   |  4 PagesIn Utilitarianism actions are judged right and wrong solely on their consequence, and in order to assess this consequences, the only thing that matters is the amount of happiness and unhappiness caused and by calculating happiness and unhappiness caused, nobody’s happiness counts any more than anybody else’s. Utilitarian ethics is the most common form of ethics used today, it has thrived because two needs have been met by it. Firstly, end-based thinking is common and people have sought to improveRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism1202 Words   |  5 Pages I contend that the philosophy of John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism can be used to show that society should will that genetic enhancement be morally acceptable if the adverse cognitive or emotional effects are outweighed by the benefits. Glannon argues tha t gene enhancement is morally objectionable because â€Å"there would be the unacceptable social cost of some people suffering from adverse cognitive or emotional effects of the enhancement.† Under Utilitarianism, society would likely deem that geneticRead MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill930 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Paper 2 In the essay â€Å"Utilitarianism† by John Stuart Mill, he explains his support for utilitarianism and argues any misconceptions of it. In his essay he talks about the difference between higher and lower pleasures and what significance they have in his utilitarian moral theory. His theory is based on the rule that â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† Many people experience different kinds of pleasureRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill2436 Words   |  10 PagesUtilitarianism is an ethical speculation that communicates that the best movement is the one that expands utility. Utility is portrayed in various courses, frequently to the extent the success of mindful substances, for instance, people and diverse animals. Jeremy Bentham, the coordinator of utilitarianism, delineated utility as the entire of all bliss that results from a movement, short the burden of anyone req uired in the action. Utilitarianism is a variation of consequentialism, which communicates

Cultural Traditions And Beliefs Into Their Classrooms

The three people I interviewed are all first year teachers, in their early 20’s, white, and teach in a B-6 setting. As I interviewed each individual, I started to feel like they had similar perspectives. Looking over their answers now, I wonder if it’s because they all went to the same college, are close in age, and are first year teachers. I’m curious how someone in their 30’s or 40’s would respond to these questions. Some common themes I found while interviewing these individuals is that all go back and forth between promoting diversity and unity. I think it narrows down to what the situation is. All individuals support and incorporate various cultural traditions and beliefs into their classrooms. I found it interesting that one of the†¦show more content†¦This individual explained how they absolutely stress cultural differences and common aspects of their students in the hopes of building a tolerance and an awareness of all cultures and backgrounds. Two out of three of the individuals said their classroom was connected with the development of a democracy. They explained that they allow for choice in their classrooms. One of the teachers also explained that although she allows for a lot of choice in her classroom, there is still a clear balance of power, where the student respect her and she does the same. The individual who doesn t believe their classroom is connected to a development of democracy because of the Common Core Standards. They explained that everyone does and learns the same thing. I thought this was interesting because I feel like as a new teacher, you know how to worth with the common core not against it. Since the standards in place now are all newer teachers know I feel like many new teachers how work around the standards, and allow for learning to be fun and different in each classroom. Therefore having a developing democracy in as classroom isn’t unreachable. white, age 22, female, third grade teacher, first year teacher 1. What is the teacher’s professional role in developing a multicultural society? (OR should the teacher play a professional role in developing a multicultural society?) Explain briefly. â€Å"The teachers role should be helping to expose various

Exploiting Regulatory Changes In Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Exploiting Regulatory Changes In Management? Answer: Introducation Administration Accounting gives all help to the administration in the greater part of its capacities. By giving the accounting data in the required shape and at the required time, it empowers administration to play out its capacities viably. It makes accessible the important data subsequent to adjusting the same in reasonably for successful planning and basic leadership. It replaces instinctive basic leadership framework with logical basic leadership ones (Christ and Burritt 2013). It gives such instruments as financial control and standard costing, and so forth. which extraordinarily encourages administration to practice its control work successfully. The standard of execution empowers administration to settle obligations and know the feeble spots in the undertaking without much trouble. Coordination among departmental managers is basic to maintain a strategic distance from irreconcilable circumstances between them in order to accomplish the organization's general target as arranged. Successful coordination could be accomplished through departmental spending plans and reports, which frame a fundamental piece of management accounting. Getting sorted out is another critical capacity of administration (Fullerton, Kennedy and Widener 2014). A sound association involves designation of specialist and settling of obligations without much trouble. This can be accomplished by building up cost focuses, and benefit focuses. Management accounting helps in building up such concern as this helps in setting up a sound arrangement of inward control and internal review. Correspondence is yet another capacity of administration, which includes transmission of information, data, comes about and so on to both lower level and top level management (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). While the choices of the top administration to be conveyed to the centre and lower level administrations, the outcomes and necessities of the lower level ought to be accounted for to the top-level administration. Advantages types of planning tool employed for budgetary control are explained below: This facilitates in explaining goals, plans and policies of a company. In case, fixed goals goes missing, certain efforts might fail in attaining certain common goals. It facilitates in maintaining suitable coordination within certain departments. Budgetary controls facilitates in maintaining targets within which all the departments is motivated to work in a better manner in attaining the target. For this reason, it is efficient in order to manage control activities of certain distinct departments within a business unit. Budgetary control decreases the production cot through decreasing certain expenditure. By means of promoting cost consciousness regarding budgetary control and staff within efficacy and economy It facilitates management concerning the action area for dealing with issues devoid of any delay. Use of certain planning tools and application for developing and forecasting budgets: Key arranging depends on various instruments and procedures for describing and disentangling information to see at decisions. The utilization of arranging apparatuses and their application for gauging and creating spending plans are shown quickly as takes after: Techniques to settle issues: Each organizing bunch needs logical fastidiousness and imagination for characterisation of issues and taking a gander at the choices. In this way, a couple of sorting out procedures progress both fastidiousness and innovativeness. Techniques to assess amongst sectoral and spatial affiliations: The procedures getting to be plainly prepared for the given association requires to delineate crosscutting significant and spatial affiliations. These techniques depend on maps and orchestrating district in the neighbourhood money related geography. Techniques for natural, social and fiscal analysis: The organizing bunch is required to conceive biological, social and money related effect of the proposed exercises and procedures. A couple of frameworks are available for the same. Strategies to discuss future occasions: Arranging is tied in with finding out the future and picking the method for being set up for the same. The masterminding bunch should practice and pick up from destinies examination strategies. Subsequently, the game plan of instruments does not require being quantitative for being helpful. There is need of quantitative models; nevertheless, they are by all account not the only viable methodology for propelling the approach of systems to examine an issue and its possible game plans. Evaluating manner in which organisations implements management accounting systems to focus on financial problems: The modern era companies deals with questions regarding ways for adapting certain strategies, models and business practices in order to react to social and environmental concerns along with preparing financial value and shareholders value. The report recommends several ways by which the management accountants might facilitate companies in attaining business success: Recognizing environmental and social trends might impact the capability of a company in attaining value with time Connecting issues related with business issues to strategies associated with the company, business model, performance outlook along with operating licences Elaborating the sustainability issues impact in efficient business terms that encompass the ways it can impact any business Preparing knowledge performance indicators in order to support strategic and sustainable goals Implementing techniques and tools for management accounting such as scenario planning of natural resources availability, carbon foot printing and lifecycle costing in order to enable to focus matters of sustainability within decision-making process Developing a strategy of reporting for managing issues regarding sustainable issues for making sure certain financial and non-financial information is being disclosed. Global Integrated Reporting Framework prepared on the aspect of Global Integrated Reporting Council as a great example. In dealing with financial problems, management accounting might result organisations to attain sustainable success: Organizations gain advantage through maintaining and accounting procedures to an expert, in the accompanying ways: Accounting Function Enables Strategic Redeployment of Staff: In many organizations, accounting staff need to work with labour requirements and it turns into a weight on them. A couple of individuals cannot deal with the tremendous amount of information that accounting involves. An expert back and accounting outsourcing organization will have an expansive group for their accounting forms (Soltani, Nayebzadeh and Moeinaddin 2014). Such an association will allot its prepared experts to chip away at this information, which turns out being a better circumstance for everybody. For this reason, the accountants within customer organization graduate within a supervisory part that essentially involves managing the specialist co-op and ensuring that the errands are finished precisely. Moreover, outsourcing enables organizations to devoid their own staff from a place accounting operations along with redeploy them for work, which attains more business or improves consumer base. Guarantees Daily Monitoring of Accounting Rules and Implementation: Analysing steady changes within accounting rules is distinct in certain companies. Moreover, for a business this has committed itself within outsourcing of financial process. Such an outsourcing organization can consider monitoring progressions and actualize them as and when required, that can make sure customer organization is dependably within consideration of financial market controllers. Outsourcing organizations consider taking gaps after GAAP and IFRS rules and several accounting guidelines (Suomala, Lyly-Yrjninen and Lukka 2014). Organizations get the Best Accounting Heads at work: There are times when the area of a specific organization does not permit them access to the best accountants. In the event that the specialist organization is maintained in a city or a nation which generates a portion of financial personalities, at some point that capability pool can be tapped adequately (Wagenhofer 2016). The customer organization through this plan of action can have exceptionally qualified accountants taking care of their books. Nature of accounting and accounting is then guaranteed to be sans mistake. Organizations can benefit from Advanced Technological Knowhow: As in each other field, innovation is having an effect in the accounting circle too. Obviously, many organizations are not totally mindful of the considerable number of uses which are accessible in the market and which ones are reasonable for their business. Some of them are additionally excessively costly, making it impossible to purchase (Suomala, Lyly-Yrjninen and Lukka 2014). Nevertheless, outside specialist co-ops will put resources into this innovation, knowing the ones are ideal for such type of business. They likewise consider that it is advantageous to attain an entire new applications line since they are overhauling certain customers with requirements. Outsourcing Services Safeguards Companies in Difficult Economic Situations: In the cutting edge world, associations are always rolling out improvements in their workforce as per changes in the financial circumstances. In any case, this can be a testing and asset serious process (Wagenhofer 2016). In correlation, outsourcing capacities and procedures, for example, fund and accounting decreases the pressure on organizations. Since the obligation of dealing with the ability doled out to a venture lies with the outsourcing organization, the customer organization does not need to take any choices in regards to its inner workforce or pay colossal pay in maintenance pay. Organizations Benefit from Flexibility and Scalability: By choosing an expert fund and accounting outsourcing organization as its accomplice, a customer organization can profit by an answer that is redone for its necessity (Suomala, Lyly-Yrjninen and Lukka 2014). An organization can scale up or down certain financial and accounting forms as per needs of the consumers. This serves as an extraordinary advantage to organizations. Stringent Attention to Security and Confidentiality Ensures Business Confidence: An accomplished outsourcing organization will take after strict guidelines as for keeping up privacy of customer data and information insurance. Organizations can rest guaranteed that their fund and record information would be dealt with and put away safely (Suomala, Lyly-Yrjninen and Lukka 2014). Operations: Sustaining financial and accounting capacities within a company with 247 operations indicates a period zone advantages. The business can be certain that their back and accounting errands would be finished inside any planned due dates. Stock Evaluation The management accountants are employed in evaluating stocks and preparing monthly findings that is a part of management accounting cost and system. This is to the reason that management accountants role is superior on attaining development rather than future forecasting. It can be gathered that the management accounting has a great role in present companies. Top accountants in the companies serve as controllers. All functions associated with accounting report to this person that encompass cost accountants, tax accountants, internal auditors and systems support individuals. With the origination of management, accounting is within such positioned, all the decision-making in company requires understanding manner of developing, and employing efficient information based on management accountings. Reference List Armitage, H.M., Webb, A. and Glynn, J., 2016. The Use of Management Accounting Techniques by Small and Medium?Sized Enterprises: A Field Study of Canadian and Australian Practice.Accounting Perspectives,15(1), pp.31-69. Chenhall, R.H. and Moers, F., 2015. The role of innovation in the evolution of management accounting and its integration into management control. Accounting, Organizations and Society,47, pp.1-13. Christ, K.L. and Burritt, R.L., 2013. Environmental management accounting: the significance of contingent variables for adoption.Journal of Cleaner Production,41, pp.163-173. Fullerton, R.R., Kennedy, F.A. and Widener, S.K., 2014. Lean manufacturing and firm performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting practices.Journal of Operations Management,32(7), pp.414-428. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Messner, M., 2016. Does industry matter? How industry context shapes management accounting practice.Management Accounting Research,31, pp.103-111. Otley, D., 2016. The contingency theory of management accounting and control: 19802014.Management accounting research,31, pp.45-62. Quattrone, P., 2016. financial accounting goes digital: Will the move make it wiser?.Management Accounting Research,31, pp.118-122. Soin, K. and Collier, P., 2013. Risk and risk management in management accounting and control. Soltani, S., Nayebzadeh, S. and Moeinaddin, M., 2014. The Impact Examination of the Techniques of Management Accounting on the Performance of Tile Companies of Yazd.International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences,4(1), pp.382-389. Suomala, P., Lyly-Yrjninen, J. and Lukka, K., 2014. Battlefield around interventions: A reflective analysis of conducting interventionist research in management accounting.Management Accounting Research,25(4), pp.304-314. Wagenhofer, A., 2016. Exploiting regulatory changes for research in management accounting.Management Accounting Research,31, pp.112-117.

Betrayal of Deep Friendships and the Consequences free essay sample

â€Å"Love is whatever you can still betray. Betrayal can only happen if you love† (John Le Carre). Betrayal is a huge part of Gene and Amirs’ lives in A Separate Peace and in The Kite Runner. They are both pushed to do things they normally wouldn’t do because of the feelings of guilt from betraying their best friends. They betray the people closest to them, the only people who truly care for them. The circumstances and outcomes of both books are shockingly similar and lead both to betrayal of best friends which leads to earth shattering remorse and guilt, then redemption. Both books offer a glimpse at betrayal, the pains of war and the impact of guilt. In the two books, there are many examples of betrayal leading to horrendous things, and situations where one choice snowballs into a thunderous conclusion. In A Separate Peace, Gene betrays Finny, again and again. It starts with one big betrayal which then led to many others. Gene tried to kill Finny, he â€Å" took a step towards [Finny] and then [his] knees bent and [he] jounced the limb† (60). With that one simple movement, that one choice, Gene almost ended Finny’s life. He betrayed Finny’s trust and friendship, and because of that one betrayal, Gene ended up betraying Finny’s trust time and time again to try and cover his first betrayal. He started to tell Finny the truth about his attempted murder when he stopped. He decided he â€Å" would have to back out of it, [he] would have to disown it† (70). Gene decided that Finny didn’t want to hear the truth and couldn’t bear the truth, so he never told Finny. He again, betrayed Finny’s trust. When Finny later found out the truth, he was so shocked and distraught that he ran out of the room and fell down the stairs, breaking his leg and eventually dying. Gene’s choice to betray Finny led to many more betrayals and eventually Finny’s untimely death. In The Kite Runner, there is a similar type of betrayal, a betrayal between best friends. Amir betrays Hassan by not protecting him when he was being raped. Hassan had protected Amir countless times before, but when he is getting raped, Hassan, â€Å"didn’t struggle. Didn’t even whimper. He moved his head slightly and [Amir] caught a glimpse of his face† (76). Amir stood by and watched while his best friend and half brother was raped. He didn’t do anything to stop it. Then later, Amir is so guilty he makes up lies about Hassan stealing to try and kick them out, and at that point, Hassan and his dad leave the house out of shame. Even in this last moment of betrayal, Hassan still protects Amir. During the final confrontation between Amir, Baba, Hassan and Ali, Hassan could have told the truth, he could have said he didn’t steal and Amir had framed him. However, Hassan didn’t. At this time Amir’s â€Å"heart sank and [he] almost blurted out the truth. Then [he] understood: This was Hassan’s final sacrifice for [him]† (105). Amir had betrayed Hassan a second time and then a third by not telling the truth to save Hassan and give him and Ali the protection of the house. His betrayal also eventually led to Hassan’s death. Had Amir chosen to intervene in Hassan’s rape, he wouldn’t have felt guilty enough to lie about Hassan stealing which led to Hassan leaving the house and having to live in Pakistan in a war zone where he was persecuted and killed. In both books, an initial betrayal led to a death of a best friend. Death of a best friend, especially when it is your fault, is one of the most severe consequences that could ever be experienced. Gene and Amir betrayed their closest, most loyal friends, and faced the worst possible consequences. Both A Separate Peace and The Kite Runner take place during a war time which brings many things, and among them, pain and distress are the most prominent. In A Separate Peace, all the students face an exponential amount of stress as the thought of war and the question of whether to enlist or wait to be drafted was thrown about. Some had trouble focusing on their studies, while to Gene â€Å"Sports don’t seem so important with the war on† (114). The kids at Devon couldn’t focus on the things they normally would be doing. Everyone was asking and wondering who would enlist? Some students like Brinker and Quackenbush claimed they would enlist and bragged about all the things they would accomplish. Surprisingly, Leper actually said he was â€Å"‘ going to enlist in these ski troops,’† (125). and followed through with his actions. However, the consequence of Leper’s choice to join the military led to a bad conclusion. Leper was given a Section Eight discharge, a discharge reserved â€Å"‘ for the nuts in the service, the psychos, the Funny Farm candidates’† (144). Leper was a casualty of war, and he wasn’t the only one. According to Brinker, â€Å"‘[Finny is] the casualty’† (167). The Kite Runner is also an excellent example of the pain of war. Bad people rise to power in Pakistan. Amir’s childhood bully and Hassan’s rapist became a high ranking Taliban official and a widely feared figure, who later took children from the orphanage as sex slaves. Hassan’s own son was a casualty of this after the Taliban â€Å"‘-shot [Hassan] in the back of his head. ’† (219). Sohrab was made an orphan due to war and the persecution of the Hazaras. Sohrab’s whole family was hurt by the war, along with the common majority living in Pakistan. As both stories show, the pain of war affects individuals as well as whole communities or countries. It is a deadly and painful component of life and impacts a multitude of people. There is an immense amount of guilt thrown about in A Separate Peace and The Kite Runner as both Gene and Amir severely betray their friends, and that guilt doesn’t leave, it festers throughout the whole book. In A Separate Peace, Gene â€Å"never talked about Phineas † (202) because it hurt too much. Gene betrays Finny, then later, can’t even think of him, he can’t bear to remember him. Gene is so guilty about making Finny fall out of the tree and then lying to him which eventually, in a round about way, led to his imminent death, that talking about Finny was too much, he just couldn’t bear it. However, something good did come out of Gene’s guilt. When Finny dies, Gene’s, â€Å" fury was gone† (203). Finny’s death after Gene’s betrayal helped make Gene a better person. â€Å"Phineas had absorbed it and taken it with him, and I was rid of it forever† (203). Without that anger, that fury, Gene was a more open minded person. He was free of his own wrath. Gene was able to focus on the big picture and not just the little things like who is going to jump out of the tree? or who will be valedictorian? or will Finny find out what I did? The original betrayal then the lingering impact of guilt had a good and a bad side to it. The Kite Runner has similar outcomes due to Amir’s everlasting guilt. Amir went back to Pakistan to save Hassan’s son. Not only did he save Sohrab from child slavery but he invited him to â€Å"‘come live in America with [him] and [his] wife? ’† (322) Had it not been for Amir’s guilt at betraying Hassan in the first place, Amir wouldn’t have gone back, wouldn’t have gone into Pakistan and save the poor boy. Amir became a better person due to the consequences of his guilt. When Assed is beating him, Amir thought â€Å"My body was broken just how badly I wouldn’t find out until later but I felt healed (289). Amir betrays his best friend and as he later finds out, his half brother, then when he is getting beat trying to redeem himself, he actually feels healed. He gets his redemption, and like Gene, becomes a better person, and learns a lesson from his guilt. In both books, there is a large betrayal followed by guilt everlasting and some form of redemption shaping the guilty into a better person. Across both novels, the overarching idea that keeps showing up is if you betray your friends, even during hard times, then it will come back to haunt you but can lead to redemption. Gene and Amir both did awful things to the people that cared about them and committed atrocious betrayals. However, they then faced an insurmountable amount of guilt which eventually led to redemption. The guilt shaped them into better people. Betrayal, while it is an awful thing, doesn’t always have entirely negative outcomes.